Comparative Analysis of Export Promotion Strategies †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Analysis of Export Promotion Strategies. Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared to demonstrate the change experienced by Egypt due to industrial revolution. Discussion incorporates era of Egypt before and after revolution. Analysis has been done by illustrating the impact on import and export of nation and its flow of foreign direct investments. Various foreign trade agreements that Egypt has entered into and its political, social and economic impacts have been discussed. Egypt was mainly an agrarian country before witnessing industrial revolution. Considerable changes were brought resulting from revolution (Abdelrahman 2014). The phase of industrial revolution was identified for the period roughly from 1750 to 1825. Some of the major industries in Egypt were textile industries due to higher cotton production. Before industrial revolution, Egypt was not well-equipped with social, political and economic tools. Due to relatively higher production of cotton, the economy of Egypt was known as an agricultural economy. Revolution transitioned the agricultural development to capitalism. The industrial revolution of 1952 gave birth to industrialization in Egypt (Alexander et al. 2014). Industrialization of Egyptian economy were affected in broader way resulting from the agricultural sector industrialization. Practices and structure of Egyptian agriculture was significantly changed due to increasing cotton export on large scale. Agricultural land was transformed into private property due to rapid expansion of cultivation of cotton and thereby restructuring of agrarian social relations. In year 1876, nation went ban krupt and during this time, one of the major part of Egyptian economy was exporting of cotton. Rural economy integration into broader market economy was another development of Egyptian agriculture. Investment of European capital was done in projects of irrigation system, railroads and ports. Investment was made in many industries such as steel, textile, paper, fertilizers, minerals and iron. Reason behind investment made in such industries was to improve industrialization and to attain a level of self-sufficiency. After industrialization that is since year 1961, the import of raw materials increased significantly and consequently, it has speeded up the industrialization. Some of issues that was faced by nation involved exchange and fiscal crisis. Egypt faced increased recession resulting from limited flow of funds due to war periods in sixties and seventies. An open door policy was initiated by government from year 1975 to 1985 that led to encouragement of domestic and foreign investments. After the era of revolution, import restriction policies was imposed by government that leads to entrepreneur shifting to industrial development against engaging in imports. One of the major part of story of development of Egypt is industrialization (Daoud 2014). Industrialization in E gypt can be explained by breaking down in three periods. During the first half of nineteenth century, focus of nation was promotion of modern industries that were sponsored by state. In second period of British influence from 1890 to 1920, there was limited development of industries. The reason is attributable to the fact that during that period, the attempt of Egyptian to industrialize was discouraged by British and more emphasis was on promotion of cultivation of cotton. Growth of industries under tariff protection was witnessed in year 1930 and during 1950s, industrialization was at its peak. Development of Egypt as an export economy was witnessed due to failure of industrialization efforts in wake of period of Mohammad Ali. During Great Depression, export led growth weakened and development of Egyptian firms was witnessed during inter war period. One of example of phenomenon of export based economy was Misr Bank that had direct ties to companies involved in building materials, t extiles, maritime, air transportation, insurance, mining and pharmaceuticals. It was a major representation in the development of economy of Egypt. A broader trend of government adopting policies that favoured industry and increasing nationalism was also witnessed in inter-war period. New industries in Egypt was granted credit and special promotion (Gunning et al. 2014). This resulted beginning of new wave of industrialization. In the twentieth century, growth of industries in Egypt characterise the development of economy. Main trade partners and import and exports for past 10 to 15 years: Traditionally, the main trading partner of Egypt is European Union and the most important trade agreement that nation entered in year 2004 is Egypt-EU FTA. 1995 Barcelona process governed the economic relations between Egypt and European Union that aimed at establishment of cooperative framework leading to advancement in social and economic development. In year 2001, there was establishment of bilateral working group on services liberalization. Egypt is a member of Great Arab Free trade area and the main trading partners till period 2004-2008 are depicted in table below: There has been growth in overall value of exports and 39% of exports were mainly absorbed by EU. Dynamic growth have been witnessed in other trading partners and share of exports of Egypt for Great Arab foreign trade agreement increased. Relative share of export destination for Jordan, Turkey and common market for Southern and Eastern Africa have also increased. Strong growth was also witnessed for non-foreign trade agreement partners. Egypt and Mexico also has increased share of export growth while US share for exports decline (Bank 2015). Imports from EU had increased since 2000 by 12%. However, their role as import source had fallen to 32% in year 2008 as against 38% in 2000. Relative share of Egypt market has increased for Great Arab foreign trade agreement. Significant growth had been recorded from China since year 2000 by 28%. US import share had declined since to 11% in 2008 as against 17% in 2000 (Baldwin 2013). The climate of foreign investors improved due to liberalizing trade. Liberalization of foreign investment regime was one of the core element of economic reforms in year 2004. This was done with the intention of attracting foreign direct investment in service and manufacturing sectors. More than 80 bilateral investment treaties was signed by Egypt as a part of this endeavour (Titus et al. 2013). A free trade area is established due to association agreement between EU and Egypt that is in force since year 2004. This eliminated significant concession on agricultural products and tariff on agricultural products. Furthermore, nation entered into an ambition agreement came into force on 1st June, 2010 regarding agricultural products, fisheries products and processed agricultural products. In Southern Mediterranean region, the main trading partner for EU is Egypt. Agreement between two these two parties have improved the trading condition of nation since industrial revolution. The EU-Egypt since year 2004 at 11.8 billion has doubled and has achieved highest level since year 2016 to seven billion. EU has ranked first as import and export partner while covering 31.3% of trade volume in 2016. FDI in Egypt and how the stakeholders are affected: Egypt has witnessed increased flow of FDI since the economic reforms in year 2004. Overall FDI stock increased to $ 50.5 million from $ 21.3 million. Increase in FDI flows in year 2007 increased to $ 11.6 from $ 200 million in year 2003. Other than industries such as telecommunication, petroleum, tourism and cement, liberalization and privatization have increased in all industries. One of the dominant non-petroleum recipient of FDI flows is financial sector followed by retail sector, services, agriculture and manufacturing sector. Twelve flow growth was noticed in FDI to the tourism industry. The bilateral investment relationship between US and Egypt was improved in the past decade to about $ 7.5 billion in year 2007 as against $ 1.1 billion in year 2003. The average value of FDI of Egypt stood at 2.44% aster the period of revolution with maximum value at 0.34% in year 2006 and reduction in investment by 0.2% in year 2011. During fiscal year 2009-2010, there was a sharp decrease in real GDP growth rate and outflow of FDI stood at USD 164 million. This has led to increased level of unemployment in nation. A bold and transformation reform program was introduced by Egyptian government in year 2014 that aimed at staging a balanced inclusive growth, enhancing the nations business environment and spurring the economy. Reform implementation along restoration of confidence and stability helped in yielding positive results. This has led to improvement in annual rate of GDP growth of economy to 4.3 percent in year 2015 compared to only 2% in year 2010-2011 (Ferro et al. 306). Some volatility has been displayed due to floatation in the value of exchange rate. However, there has been increased foreign investor demand for local debt instruments du e to strengthening of local exchange rates. In year 2015, Egypt retained its position as one of the top destinations by capital investment with value recorded at $ 14.5 billion. FDI projects in solar power for amount $ 5.9 billion was recorded in year 2015. Since year 2010-2011, economy of Egypt was hardy hit by social and political instability and there was a fall ion real investment growth and real GDP growth rate to -2.1% and 1.8% respectively. There was a significant decrease in consumption and investment growth in year 2012-2013 after a brief recovery. Nonetheless concerning specific FDI sectors, there still exist some restrictions in regard to regulation for some related reasons and national security. For instance, there exist strict regulations in regard to seaport and air management, electricity power grids, gas and oil extracting activities, exchange and other sectors having full governmental control. Liberalization of Egyptian market was done by taking all possible efforts on part of government. The model of bilateral trade agreement was revised by government in an attempt to attract foreign investment leads to balancing of right of state to regulate and protection of investment (De Smet 2014, 11-40). Apart from the measures, some measures also involved considering sustainable development of goals, combating of corruption and refinement of mechanism of international state dispute. Different trade agreement with other nations: Egypt has a large network of bilateral investment treaties and nation has signed more than hundred such agreements. After Angola, nation is ranked second in the list of top African countries in terms of foreign direct investment. Considerable increase has been recorded in flow in FDI to $ 6.9 in year 2015 from $ 4.6 billion in year 2014. Many factors are attributable for the expansion of FDI flows into country such as energy, construction, financial, transport and pharmaceutical industry. Significant efforts are made by Egyptian government for making such investment more attractive. In response to this, there was enactment of Investment Guarantees and Incentives law no. 17 in year 2015. Egyptian legal framework was significantly modified resulting from several investment initiatives. Some of multilateral trade agreement that Egypt is signatory to comprise of general agreement on Trade in services, General agreement on tariffs and trade, Free trade agreement with EFTA states, Greater Arab free trade Area agreement, European Union-Egypt free trade agreement, The common market for eastern and southern Africa, Turkey-Egypt free trade agreement and Agadir free trade agreement among Morocco, Jordan and Tunisia (Hendy et al. 2014). European-Egyptian partnership-An agreement was signed between Europe and Egypt with the intention of liberalizing trade off. This partnership helped in facilitating trading by opening export of manufactured goods to Member states of European markets. Negotiations was also witnessed in liberalization of trade in terms of agricultural products. As per this agreement, parties to trade can engage in trade with each other for period of twelve years (Khalil 2015). Qualified industrial zone-Under this agreement, additional interest for tax free entry of goods to American market was offered by Egypt. The entry of goods is exempted from paying tax on the condition that manufacturing is done by 10.5 of Israeli inputs and by 35% in one of Egyptian qualifying Industrial zones. During the first four year of protocol implementation, it has assisted in increasing growth of export of garments and textiles to United States. Greater Arab free trade Area agreement-The convention on free trade area by 22 Arab countries was ratified under this agreement. It is provided by such convention to overcome all non-tariff barriers such as technical, financial, monetary and administrative. Moreover, this also led to steady elimination of fees, tariffs between such countries. Free trade agreement between Egypt and turkey-This agreement helped in having a direct accessing the large market of Turkey and facilitated free movement of goods and services between these two nations. Common market for eastern and southern Africa-Under this agreement, goods are allowed to enter the market without incurring any fees by creating a common market for southern and eastern Africa free trade zone. A degree of growth and importance for Egypt was enjoyed by trading partners that helped in expanding the level of economic activity. Free movement of goods would be ensured between removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers and member state by operation of common market for Southern and Eastern Africa. Agadir-This particular multilateral agreement enabled establishment of free trade zone between Jordan, Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt. Free access to each other market is enjoyed by member states without quotas scalable and tariffs. During 20006 and 2007, there was entire activation of customer convention. This ratification has cemented economic ties between countries along with industrial relations. Emergence of this has generated a particular partnership in exportable product production to Arab countries and European Union to the convention of Member states (nder 2016, 251-258). Several bilateral agreement have been signed by Egypt with Arab countries such as Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Jordan and Tunisia. Egypt and China entered into trade agreement in year 1995 along with signing an economic treaty with Russia. An association agreement was signed by Egypt with European Union in year June, 201 that came into force in year 2004. The consequence of finalizing such agreement has led to duty free access of EU products, duty free access of products of Egypt into market of EU for over a period of twelve year. An agricultural annex to their FTA was completed by EU and Egypt in year 2010 that led to liberalization trade of ninety percent of agricultural products (Stearns et al. 2014). Some of the reasons for establishment of foreign trade agreements comprise of following: Developing framework that would encourage foreign investment and strategy development for encouraging investors to make investment in nation. Exchange of experiences and information in the field of investment and increasing awareness of investment by regulating policies and laws that would assist in doing same. Settling investment disputes by providing investors with several options with host countries. Supporting and encouraging for activities such as promotion mission, investment and exhibition, conferences and workshops. Facilitating investment and promoting the same within nations territories. Effects of different trade agreements: Free trade agreements of Egypt helped in potential levering for jobs and growth along with offering the opportunities for making considerable change in future. There was improved access to markets due to removal of tariff on all EU goods. Increased agricultural and textile prices were experienced by Egypt. Tariff elimination with US has led to increase in export prices of clothing and agriculture. The trade relations with United States and participation in international economic agreements has led to improvement in harmony and improved governance. Natural complements of good governance arises from rule of law and freer markets. Centrally controlled economy, there is far more confer on preference and rents on political allies. Practice of custom clearance has led to increment in increased business cost. Inefficiencies of service sector was removed from and there was attenuation of import and export due to prevalence of such agreement (Elshehawy 2014). With regard to qualified industrial zone, agreement helped in boosting exports and this leads to increased chance of recovering market share in labour intensive industry. One of the main reason for creation of such agreement was to remove taboo of Arab countries to openly conduct business with Israeli firms (Marti et al. 2014). A strategic new directions was witnessed and it lead to integration of economy with other regional economy. The long term economic development sustainability of Egypt has received little contribution as a result of political and economic effect. One of the main components of capitalization on intraregional synergies was clear identification of diagonal accumulation among economies. Another social and economic dimension was witnessed in terms of migration issues due to some progress made in security level resulting from bilateral agreements. Signing of agreements with other nations has promoted economic, social and cultural cooperation. Social benefits was offered in range of areas resulting from agreements such as promoting the rule of law, strengthening democracy, development in transport and energy sector and upholding of human rights to trade liberalization. There was progressive reduction in number of custom charges and reduction in tariff is not symmetric. Continuation in urban migration was witnessed despite improved efforts for social programs and rural infrastructure. Factors that has prompted migration to urban areas was due to movement of people in cities and uncertainty of agricultural sector (Vatikiotis 2013). Increased price of basic goods due to free trade has caused hardship among people and threatened the social stability. Other impediments to trade still exist due to many liberalization efforts of Egypt. For reducing trade barriers, a process of trade facilitation was launched by the nation. The procedures of red tape reduced import and exports. Liberalization of trade in Egypt should come with polices that would helped in alleviating the hasty social change. Opening of market trends resulting from such agreements comes with some serious cost of economic adjustments such as bankruptcy, loss of job in certain industries and social hardships. Number of disaffected areas increases along with politically high cost. The precarious ability and overall growth of Egyptian economy has received little contribution of bilateral trade agreements. Conclusion: The analysis of scenario of Egypt after industrial revolution depicts that significant changes were witnessed in several areas of economic development along with development of country on social and political front. Benefits achieved by Egyptian economy were lower than actually projected after the revolution. However, positive benefits could be derived by Egypt from their US relationship. As against confining to one merchandizing trade, a deep agreement in investment and services would benefit the nation. Dynamic effect of such trade agreements would form the basis of economic benefits magnitude. In order to ensure effective im0lementation of regulations and laws as imposed by trade agreements, it is required by nation to incorporate mechanism for monitoring and conditionality. Nonetheless, the analysis of political implications of revolutions is difficult as compared to economic. References list: Abdelrahman, Maha. Egypt's Long Revolution: Protest Movements and Uprisings. Vol. 4. Routledge, 2014. Alexander, Anne, and Mostafa Bassiouny.Bread, freedom, social justice: Workers and the Egyptian revolution. Zed Books Ltd., 2014. Baldwin, Richard. "Trade and industrialization after globalization's second unbundling: How building and joining a supply chain are different and why it matters."Globalization in an age of crisis: Multilateral economic cooperation in the twenty-first century. University of Chicago Press, 2013. 165-212. Bank, Afrexim. "Regional value chains: A prequisite for integration into global value chains. African Trade Report 2014. African Export-Import Bank. Afrexim Bank July 2015, Cairo, Egypt." (2015). Bastos, Paulo, Joana Silva, and Eric Verhoogen. Export destinations and input prices. No. w20143. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. Daoud, Hussam-Eldin, and Mazen Basha. "EXPORT-LED GROWTH: TIME SERIES APPROACH ANALYSIS CASE OF JORDAN, KUWAIT, AND EGYPT ." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 11.7 (2015). De Smet, Brecht. "Revolution and counter-revolution in Egypt." Science Society 78.1 (2014): 11-40. Elshehawy, Mohamed A., Hongfang Shen, and Rania A. Ahmed. "The factors affecting Egypts exports: Evidence from the gravity model analysis." Open Journal of Social Sciences 2.11 (2014): 138. Ferro, Maria Joo, and Sandra Ribeiro. "tHE roLE oF LAnGuAGE In IntErnAtIonAL trAdE: HoW doES LAnGuAGE AFFEct tHE cHoIcE oF ForEIGn trAdInG PArtnErS?." Interdisciplinarity in Social and Human Sciences 5 (2016): 608. Gunning, Jeroen, and Ilan Zvi Baron. Why occupy a square?: People, protests and movements in the Egyptian revolution. Oxford University Press, 2014. Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim. "Are Export Sanctions Effective." Economic Research Forum Policy Brief. Vol. 18. 2016. Hendy, Rana, and Chahir Zaki. "Trade Facilitation and Firms Exports: The Case of Egypt." Economic Research Forum (ERF), Working Paper 843. 2014. Loewe, Markus. "Industrial policy in Egypt 2004-2011." (2013). Mart, Luisa, and Rosa Puertas. "The importance of export logistics and trade costs in emerging economies." Maritime Economics Logistics 19.2 (2017): 315-333 nder, Ali Sina, and Hakan Yilmazkuday. "Trade partner diversification and growth: How trade links matter." Journal of Macroeconomics 50 (2016): 241-258. Panza, Laura. "De?industrialization and re?industrialization in the Middle East: reflections on the cotton industry in Egypt and in the Izmir region." The Economic History Review 67.1 (2014): 146-169. Scott, Emma. "China-Egypt trade and investment tiesseeking a better balance." (2015). Seyoum, Belay. Export-Import theory, practices, and procedures. Routledge, 2013 Stearns, Peter N. Debating the Industrial Revolution. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. Tignor, Robert L. State, private enterprise and economic change in Egypt, 1918-1952. Princeton University Press, 2017. Titus, Okwu Andy, D. Samuel, and Owolabu Sunday Ajao. "A Comparative Analysis of Export Promotion Strategies in Selected African Countries (South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt)." International Journal of Management Sciences 1.6 (2013): 204-211., Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J., ed. Egypt Since the Revolution (RLE Egypt). Routledge, 2013.

Delta Song Case Analysis free essay sample

Possible cost drivers that will allow us to estimate a salary cost function for Delta are: available seat miles, number of departures, available ton miles, revenue passenger miles, and revenue ton miles. The two cost drivers we chose were revenue passenger miles and available ton miles. The salaries consist of payments to pilots, flight attendants and ticket agents. Their salaries are determined by the number of passengers and cargoes and the miles or hours flown. This is why we chose revenue passenger miles and available ton miles. After calculation we found that the R2 of revenue passenger miles is . 1764, and the R2 of available ton miles is . 5577. We used scatter plots to show this: The available ton miles scatter plot shows a more linear relationship between the two variables. Low point (3132, 1145), high point (4029, 1514) Salary=0. 4114xavailable ton miles-143. 50 The greatest advantage about this technique is that it only uses two data so it is convenient. We will write a custom essay sample on Delta Song Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The disadvantages are that the data is inefficient. This is because the data is based on cost function for only two periods, meaning it is less accurate. Simple Regression Using simpler regression to estimate the salary cost with available ton miles as the cost driver. These are the results: Coefficients Intercept X Variable 1 -682. 643 0. 551693 Standard deviation 282. 6033 0. 79698 Salary= 0. 5517x available ton miles- 682. 63 R2=0. 5577, and the coefficients are larger than the deviations so it is valid. Regression analysis is more reliable at measuring cost behavior than other measurement methods. This is because this technique uses statistics to fit a cost function in all historical data. The regression analysis technique is an improvement compared to the high low method. It also allows analysts to pick out the best cost driver. A disadvantage with the regression analysis method is that only one cost driver is considered, so it can’t completely explain the variation of salaries. Multiple Regression We chose revenue passenger miles and available ton miles. The results we got are as follows: Coefficients Intercept X Variable 1 X Variable 2 -1144. 55 1. 051937 -72. 2955 Standard Deviation 243. 2101 0. 120829 14. 88974 Salary=-1144. 55+1. 05xavailable ton miles-72. 0xrevenue passenger miles R2=0. 5577, and strandard deviations are smaller than coefficients, so it is statistically valid. This technique is an improvement over simple regression. This is because this technique uses more cost drivers and provides results are closer to the data given. Questions 1-3 If the conditions are not met, the cost functions will be less useful. The const functions in Question 1-3 are based on the assumption that the wages per hour remain the same and there is no addition labor needed, so it’s useful only under certain conditions. Using the background of the industry and company’s circumstance into consideration, we think these are important: ? The present equilibrium between Delta and the labor unions is not interfered. However, issues concerning lowering pilots’ salaries to industry level will not be obstructed by union forces. Also, employees other than pilots will not join labor unions to require higher payments. If not, adjustments on cost structure will be weak and Delta Song will turn out to be another Delta Express. ? Reducing staffs or cutting salaries are to be formulated. Restrictions about layoffs will directly lead to weak control over budgets, and in turn create similar problems as high salaries do. ? Lastly, the new fixed cost caused by new security directives after September 11 terrorist attacks. However, it shouldn’t become a major concern for song because security costs can be expected amid the whole industry. Salary Cost for Jet Blue According to Question 1, available ton miles should be used to estimate the salary cost. However, available ton miles of 2002 Q3 are low. We drew a scatter plot to show this: In this situation, available ton miles and salaries are not linear. The scatter plot of revenue passenger miles and salaries is as follows: Revenue passenger miles and salaries are quite linear. We use the high low method technique to estimate the salary cost with revenue passenger miles as cost driver. Low point (599. 4, 16000), high point (2016. 2,49000) Salary=23. 29xrevenue passenger miles+2038. 83 Estimating the salaries cost for Delta Song in its first year To estimate the salaries cost of Song, we used the historical salaries cost of JetBlue to predict Song’s salary because Song does not have any historical data for reference. We assumed that Song can achieve the same revenue passenger miles as JetBlue in every quarter, and Jetblue’s salaries are linear with time series. To determine Song’s salary, three deviations must be taken into consideration: ? Song pilots’ per hour wage are $100 more than those of JetBlue on average. We numbered each quarter in 2001 and 2002 from 1 to 8, and made simple regression between the time series and revenue air hours Quarter

A Classical Concert Essay Sample

A Classical Concert Essay SampleA classical concert essay sample can be a great way to get your feet wet as a concert pianist. A lot of aspiring pianists will start out by reading a few music scores and watching a live performance to see how the musicians play their instruments. While this is an excellent first step, it doesn't give you the real feel of what a real concert might be like.Concerts are rarely in a boring setting. Most are filled with spirited musicians performing at a rapid pace. They will often touch on popular culture, history, and current events. This means that a concert essay sample should include some of the following topics:- Music has long been used to educate people about great moments in history. Music writing gives these lessons a decidedly modern twist. It could be used to teach children about how airplanes operate, or how people go to war. By using classic music for the purpose of educating the general public, the use of classical music as a teaching tool b ecomes both educational and entertaining.- Music could be used to encourage self-discipline. Many people think of music as something to use while relaxing. There are also those who see it as something that provides therapy for people. Either way, a concert essay sample could help promote these positive messages to students and parents. Concerts will normally not last for a very long time, so there is no reason why students should not enjoy learning about good manners while also having fun.- There is also the possibility of learning to research music and then perform. By performing music at a live concert, students will gain a wonderful appreciation for the dynamics of playing a great instrument. The same would apply to playing music in a band or other types of ensemble. Again, this might be a useful lesson for people looking to get into bands and play music themselves. By applying these ideas to a concert essay sample, it could provide some useful ideas for educators. By applying va rious types of music to various types of topics, it could provide students with a chance to learn a wide variety of things. Students would have to try to come up with the right essay topic to meet the needs of each individual assignment.When students take a look at a concert essay sample, they will see that the educational value is much greater than they might realize. By taking some time to play around with a number of musical essays, students can really see just how easy it is to read and learn about music.

Criminals Essays - Penology, Prison, Private Prison,

Criminals Do prisons teach people to become worse criminals? Many people think that a prisoner is taught how to be a better criminal while in prison. Prisoners are integrated with people that have committed worse crimes than the ones that they have committed. The bigger and better criminals teach the others what they need to learn to survive prison life. There are many other aspects of prison that can make a prisoner worse than when he or she went in. Are prisons helping to stop the crime wave? For starters, prisons around the United States are extremely overcrowded. Wyoming is a good example of overcrowding in prisons. We have had to send a number of prisoners to Colorado because we have run out of room to keep them in Wyoming. The number of people sent to prisons were for drug offences more than violent crimes(). Some people are saying that making some drugs legal, such as marijuana, would decrease the number of prisoners drastically. There are also evidence that even though they are in prison, they can still buy and sell drugs. It has been found that 80% of drug offenders that have received sentences in New York have never been convicted of a violent felony or committed a violent crime. It was found that one in four drug offenders in prison was convicted of simple possession (Human Rights Watch). Are prisoners learning prejudice in prisons? There is evidence of this. Some civil rights organizations are calling for renewed scrutiny of the segregation policies of many state and federal prisons, charging that they inadvertently promotes growth of hatred and serve as recruiting grounds for supremacist groups. David Novak, a man who spent a year in a federal prison camp, said that it left an imprint of racial intolerance on him. He said he felt compassion for the three white murder suspects in the killing of James Byrd Jr. in Jasper, TX. Two of the three allegedly have made ties with white-supremacist gangs while they were behind bars. Novak said, "In prison it is easy to fall into such groups (Prejudice in Prisons). Prison officials acknowledge that cell-blocks are often segregated by race. Putting members of rival gangs together not only endangers the prisoners, but also the lives of the guards and the very security of the institution. Texas is the nation's most integrated prison. In 1987, a federal district court ruled to ban cell-block segregation in the state. Since the ruling went into effect, prison murders have dropped by half to an average of five per year (Prejudice in Prisons). There is argument that life in prison isn't actually all that hard. It's more like a paid vacation than a punishment. While in prison, everything you have is paid for by the government. The food is free, the cable is free, the clothes are free, and you even get to lift weights and work for money. If you want, you can even get an education while in prison. Many prisons offer a chance to get your GED or even a college education. Prisons are equipped with library's that have computers that the inmates can use. There are many issues concerning weightlifting in prison. These are things such as inmates using size and strength gained from weightlifting as a weapon against guards, other inmates, or the public upon their release. People do not want their tax dollars being used to provide gymnasiums and new weight rooms for felons. Weightlifting equipment could be used as a weapon against guards or other inmates. Weightlifting equipment could be used as a tool to escape. And most of all, prison is not supposed to be a "nice place." We do not want them to come back again and again (Strengthtech). Some incidents have occurred from weight lifting in prison. Such as, in a Ohio prison riot, inmates used weightlifting bars to batter down a concrete wall protecting guards. One of the guards was killed. In a New York prison, fifteen correctional officers and ten inmates were injured in a gymnasium when a fight broke out between two inmates (Strengthtec). It seems that by allowing prisoners to have these luxuries, they are only making themselves stronger and making it easier for them to escape. It may also be telling them that it is okay to go to prison. Another bad thing about prisons is there is no segregation between HIV/Aids victims and non HIV/Aids victims. Prisons around the world have grossly disproportionate rates of HIV infection and of confirmed Aids cases. For example, in

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Often, when both items in a pair of hyphenated phrases have a common element, the first instance of that element can be elided, or omitted, without erasing the connection; the incomplete phrase is implied to have the same form as the complete one. However, as shown in these examples, it’s essential to treat the phrases, especially their hyphens, correctly: 1. â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† The sludge was laden with a combination of arsenic and mercury; arsenic was not released separately from mercury-laden sludge. Because laden can serve to team up with both arsenic and mercury, it is omitted from where it might first appear; the phrase â€Å"arsenic-laden† is merely implied. A hyphen is attached to arsenic to express the elision: â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic- and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† 2. â€Å"The company provides small- and medium-size businesses with service and support.† The hyphen following small implies that â€Å"small-size† is the intended construction, but size is not appropriate in association with small: â€Å"The company provides small and medium-size businesses with service and support.† 3. â€Å"The 1-2 year old wolf is still a baby.† The confusing adjective string before wolf is meant to express that the animal is either a 1-year-old or a 2-year-old. You can write that an animal is 1-2 years old, but here you must hyphenate the construction â€Å"(number)-year-old† to modify the noun that follows. The correct full form of the sentence would be â€Å"The 1-year-old to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby,† but the first instance of â€Å"year-old† can be elided: â€Å"The 1- to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby.† Note the letter space following 1 this element has no connection to to, so don’t connect them. 4. â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink-and-love besotted dupe.† The trainlike coupling of â€Å"drink-and-love† makes no grammatical sense. Observers thought of Marc Antony as separately besotted by drink and love, so he was a drink-besotted dope and a love-besotted dope, or, as follows: â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink- and love-besotted dupe.† 5. â€Å"The difference between pre- and post-Civil War attitudes was profound.† The elision of â€Å"Civil War† after pre- is correct, but when a prefix or suffix is attached (or implied to attach) to a proper noun or to more than one term, a sturdy en dash is called in to substitute for the little hyphen: â€Å"The difference between pre and postCivil War attitudes was profound.† 6. â€Å"She felt underpaid and -appreciated.† Though use of suspensive hyphenation in the case of words with otherwise closed prefixes (â€Å"The fund was alternately over- and underfunded†) is correct, avoid applying it with closed suffixes: â€Å"She felt underpaid and underappreciated.† 7. â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3- by 5-inch cards.† By signals that this sentence does not refer to 3-inch cards and 5-inch cards; this statement is in a separate class. When two dimensions refer to a single object, link the entire phrasal adjective together: â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3-by-5-inch cards.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"80 Idioms with the Word TimeI wish I were...

A Dance Choreographer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

A Dance Choreographer - Essay Example As far as dance choreographers, nowadays there are a lot of styles of dances the choreography of which one can choose to be engaged in. These are ballroom dance, ballet dance, hip hop dance, contemporary dance, step dance, folk dance, belly dance, etc. The field is wide for those who see their future as the ones creating works of art with dance movements. To start a career path as a choreographer it is essential to spend years yourself as a dancer. Most dancers begin their formal training at the age of five years old, being a bit older or younger is fine too. By the time one is about 17 years old he/she needs to start auditioning for different dance companies. No matter what style of dance you will choose to perform or choreograph in the future, you must learn the classical form of dance as young as possible. â€Å"Ballet dancing lays emphasis on foot muscle movements which need to be learned right from the formative years in ones life.† (Ballet Basics, para.1) As one choreographer said about the importance of ballet basics: â€Å"To put it simply, a classical dancer can choreograph a western and Bollywood number, but vice versa is not possible. Classical dance equips you with everything; you can fit yourself in all genres of dance and music†. (Shet Sh. 2008, para.24) By the time one is in his teenage years he should start concentrating on specific style of dance and begin intensive training in that style. Students who demonstrate talent in the dancing field can receive more advanced and professional training earlier. When one has chosen the style of dance he would like to get engaged in there are a variety of possibilities of how one can do so. One can attend dance college programs or dance company’s school; there are also summer training programs from the leading dancing schools where it is possible to get further training and even, if

Role of marketing in a consumer society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Role of marketing in a consumer society - Essay Example The growth of Starbucks is also based on their sound management as well as effective operations (Reference for Business 2011). Starbucks developed a strategy to open only company?owned stores and avoid franchising. This strategy facilitates the company to keep full control of its excellent products and services. Starbucks strived to control more of its supply chain with the purpose of maintaining high quality of coffee high with consistent levels by working with growers and upholding the standard of coffee. These two strategies facilitate Starbucks to distribute the first part of its value proposition as well as quality (Marangos n.d.). In this paper, the role of marketing in consumer society will be described properly with reference to Starbucks. The company developed various strategies and marketing techniques while operating in consumer market. Various strategies were adopted to satisfy customers with delicious coffee drink. The company operates in broad marketing environment, whi ch has been explained by taking into consideration various factors related to the environmental issues. The theory of consumer society had also been discussed by analyzing the satisfaction level of consumers. 2.0 Marketing Techniques and Strategies From the case study it has been observed that Starbucks has developed expansion and growth strategies in order to make expansion of their brand or products. The marketing strategy of Starbucks is totally unique and different from others. They have adopted the strategy based on various factors such as expansion of business in favorable areas with suitable demographic profile in order to support and render service to them. This strategy was developed based on the growing reputation of Starbucks brand (CalaRos Bay 2004). Various small business firms at the outset face the issue of expansion or growth of their business. Thus, based on these two concepts, expansion as well as growth strategies have been adopted. Business expansion is a stage o f a life of the company in consumer society and business growth is the increase in financial fortunes for employees along with owners. Expansion strategy is developed with a view to validate the initial business start up idea of entrepreneur and the subsequent efforts of fulfilling the vision into success. Growth strategy means that the variety of changes will take place in the company’s business market. Growth causes challenge in managerial legal and financial aspects. This strategy will enable to raise the market share of company and large number of competitors in the market (Reference for Business 2011). The rapid store expansion strategy of Starbucks is domestic store expansion along with international store expansion. The other strategies are employee training in addition to recognition, where recruitment, hiring and training methods for baristas and store managers are included. They also provide screening, training programs and awards for partners. The other strategies are real estate group, store development group and retail operation group, planning as well as construction. For providing facilities to consumers as well as employees, several strategies are developed such as a broad range of store formats, a â€Å"stores of the future† project team, high traffic and high visibility of the location of