The Importance Of Books On The Government s Support Of...

From an extremely young age children are told stories, either from their parents memory, or from storybooks. As they become older they start choosing their own books, they read different series on any topic. The importance of books is shown in the government’s support of libraries. Little children can get their own library cards and read as many books as they wish. These books and stories have an impact, the stories that are internalized can teach important lessons that have the ability to influence in a positive way. I believe that books are the tools in which young people will build their ideas. Therefore it is so important for the correct reading material to be out in the world. If a book is required reading in a school, there is a guarantee it will be read and discussed. When I was in school, it was required to read the works of William Shakespeare, the writing is so different, and it is almost a whole different type of English. The students where at first a little confuse d, yet after the initial confusion came to appreciate beautiful writing. I think it is so important to read about the past, the world is a different place than it was one hundred years ago. At the last lesson in the semester, we learnt about flash fiction, super quick short stories that send a message in a couple of sentences. Compare that kind of writing to Shakespeare’s flowery sentences and it is a completely different thing. Everything is constantly changing, which is why IShow MoreRelatedProfessional Practice Issues Of Health Care Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Practice Issues in Health Care - Ethics Introduction Medical ethics play a huge role in the health care industry. A crucial part of a health care professional s role is to apply appropriate ethical guidelines into clinical settings. Due to its importance there is unlimited amount of references available in different forms regarding to this specific topic, however, the quality, reliability and relevance of each reference can remain questioned and requires further consideration. InRead MoreIntroduction. The Pateman Vincent Statement From 20101486 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement from 2010 suggests that the library profession is either oblivious to, or choosing to ignore the plight of those most in need in society. Seven years on, there is no halt in the growing gap between rich and poor and public libraries are still justifying their existence, in a climate of declining funding for services. Changes to the UK welfare system have accelerated, with a drive for government services to be ‘digital by default’ (Rust, 2014). Public libraries and their staff are amongst theRead MoreVolunteering At The Sacramento Public Library1500 Words   |  6 PagesIt is once said that â€Å"A library is not a luxury but one of the necessities of life†- Henry Ward Beecher. This quote has proven to be true as I volunteered at the Sacramento Public library. Volunteering at the Sacramento Public Library led me to various work experience, and I see it as one of the most important necessities of life, especially for education. At the library, I learned to work around for my social skills as I helped others when in need, I learned to always be punctual, or sometimes earlyRead MoreD. Kinds Of Programs Or User Needs Support1541 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation, reference, etc.) The library offers a weekly storytime for babies to age 5 and one after school program a month for school age children between 5 and 10 years old. A Saturday afternoon book club and one after school program a month is offered for Tweens (ages 10-12). 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Summary Of The Great Gatsby - 1327 Words

Livingston English III H Date: 11/7/2017 Dà ©cor From the 1920 s One of the major aspects of the 1920 s was dà ©cor. Art and decoration obtained a role in nearly everything during this time. From parties to everyday life dà ©cor was a very influential aspect during this time. Jesse James In the novel The Great Gatsby, readers are treated with many examples of artistic, decorative, and architectural design by Fitzgeralds excellent descriptions of the colorful environments and locations in the novel. Nick stated, Gatsby s house - The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard—it was a factual imitation of some Hà ´tel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble†¦show more content†¦Coco Chanel created a fashion that began to grow rapidly in the 1920 s. She created suits and dresses for women and they became very popular and still are today. Another person that impacted design in the 1920 s was Thomas W. Lamb. He was known as a famous theater and cinema designer. For example, Thomas W. Lamb was known for designing hundreds of theaters and later known as the king of theaters (Gray). Thomas helped to design movie theaters and this sparked an impact on the 20th century. Many people enj oyed and took advantage of how much of an impact people, like Coco and Thomas, had on the 1920 s. If it wasn’t for people like them, we wouldn’t have movie theaters and a cute fashion for women today. Bryant Morgan Among many other things, art began to flourish and change during this era. One 1920 s dà ©cor critic stated, The Art Deco Movement influenced the way that buildings were erected and clothes were made (Modras). Art was such a major aspect during the 1920 s that it changed the way architects were expected to design buildings. This created a new perspective on the way houses and major buildings were looked at. In fact, these buildings were no longer just used for practical purposes but were now created to be pleasing to the eye. In addition, in The Great Gatsby Nick notes, Gatsby s house is also a very lavish building (Fitzgerald 14). Gatsby sShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby Summary1036 Words   |  5 PagesSummer Project 2012- â€Å"The Great Gatsby†: FULL SUMMARY OF â€Å"THE GREAT GATSBY†: During the 1920’s era, within the various movements of prohibition, women’s rights, and the Jazz Age, F Scott Fitzgerald bore a timeless novel by the name of â€Å"The Great Gatsby.† The predominant character, Nick, who duals as narrator, is indecisive but thoughtful. He lives in West Egg on Long Island Sound, amidst the aristocratic air and luxurious titles. Gatsby, Nick’s neighbor, whose affairs apart from his partsRead MoreSummary Of The Great Gatsby 1277 Words   |  6 Pages Nick Lopez Ms. McCauley CP English III 4 April 2017 Death to the American Dream In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, all of the characters attempt to achieve a state of happiness in their lives. The main characters are split up into two groups: the rich upper class and the poorer lower class, which struggles to achieve a better, happier life. Although the major characters only seem to look to make their lives even better, the ideal and reality of the American Dream is almost completelyRead MoreSummary Of The Great Gatsby Essay1937 Words   |  8 PagesNoah Myers The Great Gatsby Reading Logs Chapter 1: In the Great Gatsby Chapter 1, The table has been set figuratively and literally. Figuratively because we meet Nick Carraway our narrator for the first time. Plus the rest of the great gatsby main characters, Daisy, Tom and jordan. Nick starts out having dinner with tom, daisy and jordan. The setting is in east egg, but the dinner takes place in west egg at the buchanans house. 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Scott Fitzgerald1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthat, most people were doubled over gasping to catch their breath. Next, they did hand to hand combat. Last they did some strength training and then they were done for the day. That night he realized something, as he lay awake that he had gained a great friend and overcame his fear. Read MoreSummary Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1732 Words   |  7 Pagessay that would take it all back? No, that would only cause more problems. It was time to talk, but†¦that was terrifying. How do you start a conversation about the fact that you both wanted to relive the past so badly that you sent yourself there? Jay Gatsby would be jealous. Was this just†¦making matters worse? They weren’t totally unprepared, after all: this was the past, not the future. No flying hovercrafts or houses on Mars or†¦marriage to Willow. It was just a thought, really. 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Before meeting up, Duke (Ian Buchannan) unsuccessfully tried to call off the hit on Jordan (Vinessa Antoine) for being a police informant (she was able to get the upper-hand and kill the shooter; 5/8). On Julian s orders, Carlos (Jeffrey Vincent Parise) cornered and shot him in the abdomen (5/7). Duke made it to the docks and died in Anna s arms. Carlos bragged that he would likely

Auditing and Materiality Analysis on K and S Corporation

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Materiality Analysis on K and S Corporation. Answer: Introduction: Financial statements tends to assist investors in their decision making process through transparency in the preparations of balance sheet, income statement and other financial statements. The presence of principle agent relationship, whereby the agent that is the companys executives have a tendency towards behaving in a manner so as to further their own agendas and interests at the cost of the principles, the shareholders. External auditor has been provided to operate independently towards examining the financial statements and other relevant documents in order to identify any form of material misstatements. The ceiling upon the non-audit service fees accepted by the auditors followed by compulsory declaration by the external auditors regarding whether audit has been conducted with due independence reiterates the external auditors role. The credibility of a companys financial proceedings is gathered from the external auditors report. In terms of regulatory measures to be undertaken, the roles of external auditors are imperative as based upon the audited financial statements the evidences can be gathered about a corporate entity. The inputs from the external auditors report is relevant to the management, stakeholders and regulators of the organization, thereby the requirements towards standardization of auditory proceedings in order to mitigate audit risks is paramount. ASA 210, paragraph A23, A24, A25 and A26 states that the auditor, at the inception of audit engagement requires preparing a written financial document that may result towards declaration of the scope of financial report auditing. Further, the aforementioned articles requires the auditor to mention through writing the responsibility on the part of the auditor and companys management team, evaluating the framework utilized for the different sets of auditory proceedings. Such measures are undertaken to ensure a clear notion of the degree of reliabilit y in case of occurrence of material misstatements and misrepresentation of sensitive facts. Purpose of the report: The report is focused upon deriving an audit planning based upon the relevant sets of data regarding financial statements and corporate proceedings that has been provided in the K Ss Annual Report for the financial year 2015. This report seeks to assist in evaluating the different forms of audit risks that are prevalent in the organization through standardized auditory proceedings. Further, the report involves identifying five accounts that are imminently at risks towards being misstated in terms of the material data or information contained in them. The assessment of audit risks relating to the aforementioned five account are to be undertaken in order to gauge the degree of reliability upon the data of these accounts. Inferences and conclusion has been drawn concerning the different set of factors that has been assessed about auditory programs and evaluation of risks pertaining to material misstatements. Understanding the clients business: In order to initiate auditory proceedings, it is imperative to analyze KSs business operations, the quantum of mergers and acquisitions that has been undertaken by the company followed by the financial data pertaining to the different financial periods. Further, analysis of the effects of different sets of economic variables upon the companys operations, such as change in overall degree in demand owing to slow growth process is significant. It is in the sense that such analysis may result towards proper evolution of the companys current financial position and the probability of material misstatements in the company affairs. Entity Analysis: Kain Shelton (KS) is engaged primarily in logistics, freighting and transportation business since its incorporation as a public listed company in 1984 (Ksgroup.com.au. 2016). The company has undertaken several key acquisitions in transportation, haulage and carriers. During the past two decades the company has had made acquisitions of Stepnell Transport, Cochrane Transport, Truganina, Regal Transport and Pacific Transport amongst others (Ksgroup.com.au. 2016). These acquisitions show the level of diversification and market consolidation that the company has undergone. The varied forms of businesses such as oil carrier, manufacturer logistics, liquid and semi liquid carriers, transportations for mining products, warehousing has resulted towards presence of varied sets of assets and investment in KSs portfolio. The company has been found actively involved in financial fraud to the tune of over $7 million as ascertained by McGrathNicol (Ksgroup.com.au. 2016). Despite efforts on the part of the company management, towards recovering back the aforementioned amount the company has not been able to display any material proceedings regarding the claim. In case of the financials, the operating revenue has considerably highlighted a large quantum of increase over the past five years with an increase from $523.4 million in financial year 2011 to $699.2 million in 2015. Moreover, the operating revenue has displayed a considerable increase from $586.2 million to the present $699.2 million highlighting an increase of over 30% in the past 12 months . Comparatively, its operating cash flow has seen a marginal increase in from $47.3 million to $48.1 million showing an increase by just $0.8 million (Ksgroup.com.au. 2016). Economic and Industry Analysis: The slowdown in economic growth has affected the logistics and carrier sector largely owing to the fact that the consumer demand for products has fallen resulting in downsizing of production level in order to mitigate the risks regarding cost overruns. Moreover, territory wise the demand for logistics has subdued owing to the fact that the growth of the manufacturing sector has been hampered severely. The dynamism observed in the context of changing preference levels has resulted towards changing production patterns followed by changing levels of logistical requirements. In terms of road freights, the sector has highlighted slow growth while the B-Doubles, which KS owns by a significant number, has contributed the highest revenues derived from road freights. Figure 1: Road Freight during the last 50 years (Source: bitre.gov.au, 2016) However, it is also imperative to note that the B-Double carriers can operate on a limited sets of routes, thereby the prospects of high-income generation by the road transport has been subdued. Further, the advent of rapid growth in international logistical movements has resulted towards implementation of new sets of logistical contracts whereby the imported goods are delivered directly into the importers premises by the third party logistics (3PL) provider. This has diminished the practice of loading freights from the ports and terminals in order to deliver them to the customer/importers premises. Figure 2: Major Road Freight routes (Source: austlogistics.com.au, 2016) Moreover, companies with large sets of distributional requirements have been actively seeking to develop their own sets of logistics. For instance, the US based online retailing company Amazon has since its inception relied upon 3PL providers such as FedEx to deliver its goods until shifting to develop its own logistical systems. The advancement in terms of trucking and logistics through newer sets of energy efficient and technology driven carriers have the potential towards reducing the cost margins pertaining to logistics industry. In addition, launching of B-Triples carriers may result towards high levels of growth. KS has highlighted vast amount of investment in terms of acquiring numerous sets of transport agencies. Thereby, the company has an affinity towards customizing itself with the new sets of technologies and market penetration activities. The company has displayed optimum levels of adaptation to market scenarios through acquiring different routes and mediums of freight t ransport. Regulatory Analysis: The Australian Logistics Council (ALC) tends to regulate the different sets of policy formulation, policy implementations regarding transport and logistics business in Australias states (pc.gov.au, 2016). The different sets of operations and management of logistical industry are moderated by the council. The delay in terms of documentation on the part of local governments, metropolitan councils and resolving of issues pertaining to the companies engaged in logistical operations has been streamlined through the presence of ALC. The Council provides additional benefits to its corporate members through increasing the threshold levels of freights that can be transportation by a single carrier. Thereby, being a member of ALC results in aggravated levels of benefits derived by KS. The National Regulator on Heavy Vehicles (NHVR) tends to regulate the quantum of logistical activities conducted by the companies using heavy road carriers (pc.gov.au, 2016). Further, in terms of ownership of logistical assets, transport carriers and the different sets of heavy vehicles, the NHVR takes up annual evaluation of the degree of assets ownerships. Thereby, the company has additional sets of regulations pertaining to the assets held by it. The framing of policies during the period between the transportation of goods and the loading and unloading can result in limiting the revenue generating capability of logistics companies. The different sets of zoning issues regarding statewide operations can result towards potential adverse impacts upon the level of issues pertaining to different sets of data. However, recent reforms with the objective of improving the national infrastructure has created high growth and revenue generating opportunities for companies such as KS through de velopment of transport corridors, extending the intermodal connections and undertaking different sets of measures concerning the future expansions logistical businesses. Material Misstatements: Several factors are required to take into account in order to ascertain the accounts that are susceptible towards material misstatements. The primary determinants based on quantitative materiality tend to come from the accounts that contain transactions of significant financial figures (Bigus, 2012). Further, the quantum of transactions taking place through such materially significant accounts can also be taken into considerations in selecting the material accounts. Moreover, the changes in the composition or value of such account over the previous financial years can also be construed as a basis for determining materiality (Sharbatoghlie and Sepehri 2015). For instance, an unusual increase in the figures of an account and its subsequent repercussions on the profitability and performance measures can be regarded as a material change. In addition, the accounts that are deemed relevant for computation of key financial ratios such as solvency, efficiency, liquidity and profitability can be considered as accounts containing risks of material misstatements. In the current report, the selection of accounts with material degree of risks tends to be formed after taking consideration the industry dynamics, the rate of growth and the degree of increase in a particular figure over last year. The five accounts with high risks of material misstatements are: Revenue Account Depreciation and Amortization Account Employee Expense Account Fleet Expense Account Cash A/C and Marketable Securities A/C Calculation pertaining to planning materiality: ASA 320 states the framework pertaining to planning materiality in terms of financial statements (auasb.gov.au, 2016). The net profit after tax is prescribed to have a percentage of 5% materiality benchmark in usual circumstances. Moreover, the benchmark upon revenue figures usually is approximately 1%. Paragraph 10 of ASA 320 states the fact that the benchmarks should be stated for the financial statements as a whole. Further, paragraph 11 and 12 of ASA 320 states the fact that the auditor can review the materiality benchmark from time to time as assess whether there arises any requirement pertaining to changing the benchmark level (auasb.gov.au, 2016). The degree of past involvement of the company in fraudulent activities followed by unusual degree of changes in the levels of revenue figures, depreciation figures coupled with cash, fleet and employee expenses provides for situation to reduce the benchmark. Thereby, the benchmark upon the revenue levels can be ascertained to be at 3%. The acceptable levels of misstatements can be ascertained at a level of 40 percent of the 3 % benchmark level. Thereby, the acceptable set of misstatements comes at 1.2 % of revenue (0.40 * 3%). The above benchmarking has been undertaken after taking account the degree of sensitivity of the shareholders and other stakeholders towards presence of material misstatements in KSs financial figures. The aforementioned degree of overall risks of material misstatements has been ascertained after taking into account the different levels of data. Assessment of the five accounts: ASA 450 tends to highlight the degree of examinations conducted upon the financial statements of the entity towards locating or ascertaining the degree of material misstatements (auasb.gov.au, 2016). The different sets of data pertaining to the different degree of assessment relating to the aforementioned five accounts can have adverse repercussions pertaining to the decision making of the investor s Preparation of Audit Documentation under ASA 230 shows the evidence as regards to the conclusion or inferences draw from the audit clients financial statements (auasb.gov.au, 2016). The revenue or operating revenue account can have a high degree of increase owing to the inclusion of previous years receivables. The cost of goods sold in the account tends to display the fact that the operating and input costs have declined over the past financial period from the levels of $63,545 to $56,936. Therefore, it can be inferred from the above figure that the COGS has declined while the revenue margins has increased over 30% as compared to previous financial periods. Thereby the degree of data pertaining to the different sets of revenue and COGS highlights anomaly in the revenue figures. The employee expenses has showcased an increase from $185,218 in the financial period of 2014 to $219,172. An increase of over 18% in the employee expenses raised queries regarding significant amount of development in the degree of employee benefits and facilitating the degree of benefits towards the level of employee salaries, bursaries and bonus income. The annual report along with the website does not declare any material levels of initiatives in terms of improvement in employee strength or any kind of significant employee based programs. Further, the expenses could arise from a high degree of nonlinear and unaccountable bonuses that are linked with high levels of revenues in order to mitigate the high jump in the revenue figures. The depreciation and amortization expenses have displayed high levels of increase by over 45% from figures pertaining to financial year 2014. The depreciation expenses have highlighted such a high level of increase without a substantial increase in the asset levels of the organization. The degree of data that tends to be showcased by the amortization expenses displays a deliberate measure on the part of the company to undervalue its profitability. The cash and cash equivalent account has displayed a drop in its levels over the past financial period. This can be attributed to high degree of payments made by the company or high quantum of credit sales undertaken by the company. However, the degree of increase in the debtors and receivable levels tends to highlight the fact that the data pertaining to the companys cash levels may be resulted from misappropriation, manipulation or the degree of data regarding cash and quick assets. Moreover, it can also be observed that the figure pertaining to the creditors highlights the fact that the company has paid off its creditors substantially. Thereby, with a large degree of increase in the levels of revenues coupled with lowering of cash levels raises queries regarding financial management policies undertaken by the company. The lack of substantial increase in the levels of debtors and no material changes in the levels of creditors in terms of the level of financial data suggests that th ere is a high probability in terms of material misstatements. Further, the fleet expenses have shown a high degree of increase in value as compared to previous periods. This can be attributed from the fact that the operations of the company has increased exponentially. However, the increase in the levels of assets held by the company is insignificant compared to the rise in revenue levels, amortization and depreciations costs resulting in an inference that such as high quantum of increase in the fleet expenses is not rational in financial terms. Conclusion: The assessment pertaining to KS results displayed that the company has experience high revenue margins over the past financial period. The company is engaged in the logistics and transportation business and has operations in Australia and New Zealand. For the past 25 years, the company has highlighted large degree of acquisition in terms of transport agencies, logistics and road freight carriers. However, the company has been founded to be indulgent towards fraudulent activities resulting in losses by the margins of $7 million. The degree of data pertaining to the financial statements published in the annual report and the official website has been evaluated in order to gauge the current financial position if the company. The current levels of data relating to the transportation and logistics business has been assessed in terms of present opportunities and future prospects. The levels of data pertaining to economy and regulatory authorities has showcased the fact that the company has been able modify its levels of operations and has undergone diversifying tactics in order to provide a high degree of buffer to adverse market conditions. Analysis of the financial statement has been in order to highlight the fact that the company has several sets of unusual increases in terms of revenue levels, cash and marketable securities owned by the company followed by the degree of depreciation and amortization pertaining to the assets held by the company. The assessment made in light of ASA standards has resulted towards evaluation of tendency of the company towards showing misrepresented financial statements. References and Bibliography: Arnold, D.F. and Bernardi, R.A., 2013. An examination of British, Irish, and US partners' responses to ethical dilemmas.Arnold, DF Bernardi, RA:(1997). An Examination of British, Irish, and US Partners' Responses to Ethical Dilemmas, Research in Accounting Regulation,11, pp.149-172. auasb.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Jun11_Compiled_ASA_320.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. austlogistics.com.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://austlogistics.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Economic-Significance-of-the-Australian-Logistics-Indsutry-FINAL.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. Barton, H. and Bruder, N., 2014.A guide to local environmental auditing. Routledge. Bell, T.B. and Griffin, J.B., 2012. Commentary on auditing high-uncertainty fair value estimates.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(1), pp.147-155. Bell, T.B. and Griffin, J.B., 2012. Commentary on auditing high-uncertainty fair value estimates.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(1), pp.147-155. Bigus, J., 2012. Vague auditing standards and ambiguity aversion.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(3), pp.23-45. bitre.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://bitre.gov.au/publications/2016/files/is_079.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. Christensen, B.E., Glover, S.M. and Wood, D.A., 2013. Extreme estimation uncertainty and audit assurance.Current Issues in Auditing,7(1), pp.P36-P42. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Furnham, A. and Gunter, B., 2015.Corporate Assessment (Routledge Revivals): Auditing a Company's Personality. Routledge. Hay, D., Knechel, W.R. and Willekens, M., 2014.The Routledge Companion to Auditing. Routledge. Hope, O.K., Langli, J.C. and Thomas, W.B., 2012. Agency conflicts and auditing in private firms.Accounting, Organizations and Society,37(7), pp.500-517. Kellenberg, D. and Levinson, A., 2016.Misreporting Trade: Tariff Evasion, Corruption, and Auditing Standards(No. 22593). National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Knechel, W.R., 2013. Do auditing standards matter?.Current Issues in Auditing,7(2), pp.A1-A16. Koretz, D., 2014.Auditing for score inflation using self-monitoring assessments: Findings from three pilot studies(Doctoral dissertation, Harvard College). Ksgroup.com.au. (2016). - KS Corporation Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.ksgroup.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. pc.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/regulation-benchmarking-local-government/submissions/sub015.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. Sharbatoghlie, A. and Sepehri, M., 2015. An Integrated Continuous Auditing Project Management Model. In4th International Project Management Conference. Titera, W.R., 2013. Updating audit standard-Enabling audit data analysis. Journal of information systems,27(1), pp.325-331. Yang, K. and Jia, X., 2013. An efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol for data storage in cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,24(9), pp.1717-1726. Ye, M. and Simunic, D.A., 2013. The economics of setting auditing standards.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(3), pp.1191-1215. Yoon, K., Hoogduin, L. and Zhang, L., 2015. Big Data as complementary audit evidence.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.431-438. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P., 2013.Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.

The Injustice Of Slavery Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Injustice Of Slavery Essay, Research Paper The Injustice of Slavery Slaves were people who were taken from their place land in Africa and brought to America, to function as retainers on farms, making family jobs, etc. Slaves were used from the beginning of clip, by people like the Egyptians. Now a yearss it is illegal to ain slaves, but it still happens. And to this twenty-four hours African Americans are discriminated. In my sentiment, that is merely non just, they did non ask to come over to our state, we brought them here. We are the 1s to fault. Yet, they have to pay. If you were a black adult male and had a test with a white jury, you will likely be guilty. If you are a black adult male, many white people will seek to maneuver clear of you, or look at you in a amusing manner. How did slaves really become free, you might be inquiring yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Injustice Of Slavery Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It all began with a adult male named Abraham Lincoln, he wanted to put slaves free. But the southern provinces had big plantations and needed slaves to assist, so this was non a good thought, in their sentiment. This contention led T o the Civil War, which was finally won by the North, and slaves were set free in America. But people discriminated slaves really much, and that was non good. Discrimination of African Americans is non that large now a yearss, but it is still out at that place. Discrimination kind of died out when a adult male named Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed some of his ideas about favoritism. His celebrated address was entitled # 8220 ; I Have a Dream # 8221 ; . Back before his address, African Americans were non treated as people. They had to stand at the dorsum of the coach, they had to populate in a certain country of town, they could non utilize the white public toilets or white imbibing fountains, they could non even eat in the same eating houses as white people. Thankss to many people like Martin Luther King Jr. this is non- existent today. To reason my study, I would wish to state how bad I think bondage really was. To merely take these people from their fatherlands and take them to a topographic point where they would be mistreated, crush, and even killed, is merely wholly un-ethical.

The genre that I have chosen is comedy Essays

The genre that I have chosen is comedy Essays The genre that I have chosen is comedy Essay The genre that I have chosen is comedy Essay Essay Topic: The Chosen The genre that I have chosen is comedy is comedy. The reasons for why I have chosen this genre are that I know a lot about this genre as I usually watch comedy films in my spare time, so I also enjoy it to. The aspects that make a comedy a comedy are the 1 liners, the toilet humour, people hurting themselves humour, sexual innuendos and the fact that most comedy are funny in their own little way. Comedies are light-hearted dramas that are used to provoke laughter and amusement for the audience watching it. The comedy genre achieves this by exaggerating the situation, the language, actions and characters. There are many different forms of comedy including: Slapstick This is comedy with broad, aggressive, physical action, including harmless or painless cruelty and violence and sight gags, e.g., a custard pie in the face, collapsing houses, a fall in the ocean, a loss of trousers or skirts, runaway crashing cars, people chases, etc. The most recent of this type of film is Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1993) Verbal Comedy This was classically typified by the cruel verbal wit of W. C. Fields, the sexual innuendo of Mae West or the verbal absurdity of dialogues in the Marx Brothers films, or later by the self-effacing, thoughtful humour of Woody Allen. Screwball Screwball comedies are light-hearted and romantic stories, commonly focusing on a battle of the sexes. They usually include visual gags, wacky characters, a fast-paced plot, and rapid-fire wisecracking dialogue reflecting sexual tensions and conflicts in the blossoming of a relationship (or the patching up of a marriage) for an attractive couple with on-going differences. Parody or Spoofs These types comedy are usually humorous take-offs of more serious films. These types completely over exaggerate the plot, the action and especially the characters in order to have its mocking type of effect. The most recent of these types of films is Scary Movie 1 2, both a take off of successful horror films. Cinematic comedy can be considered as the oldest film genre, it was ideal for the early silent films as it was dependent on visual action. The earliest comedy made was produced by the Lumiere Brothers in 1895 and was titled Watering the Gardener There have been many comedies released over the last century the most recent releases have been: American pie 1 2 Road Trip Scary Movie 1 2 Other films that fit in with this genre include: Shriek if you know what I did last Friday 13th Ace Ventura Dude, wheres my car? Dogma Plot The plot of comedies usually depends on the type of comedy the film, whether it being spoof comedy or screwball comedy they all differ. Although there are a few similarities, all comedies use sight gags, 1 liners etc, in order to stay with that genre. Examples, Road Trip use many visual gags. Characters In most comedies the characters can be easily stereotyped. There is always a Cheerleader or Captain of a football team, there is always a Dumb Blonde who never gets the jokes and there is always a Sexually Frustrated Geek. Occasionally, the comedy genres add a Goth or Rocker or someone of an alternative scene into a film. Examples Scary Movie and Cant Hardly Wait. Narrative The way in which the story is told revolves around the 1 liners, the sexual innuendos etc Stars The stars that are most likely to be associated with this genre are: Charlie Chaplin, Harry Lloyd and Buster Keaton and a more recent actor Seann William Scott etc. The 2 film covers above are American Pie 2 and Scary Movie. American Pie 2 and Scary Movie have many differences, the most obvious of which is that American Pie 2 has some relation to Screwball comedies and Scary Movie has relation to Parody or Spoof comedies. Whilst American Pie 2 exaggerates aspects of the film, Scary Movie overly exaggerates the film mocking most slasher movies, i.e. Scream, I Know What You Did Last Summer etc. The Films both rely on visual gags, but Scary Movie uses much more of them to add to its mocking tone. Soundtracks, American Pie 2 uses a romantic sort of soundtrack whilst Scary Movie uses a more haunting soundtrack in order to stay as a parody of slasher films. In similarities, both American Pie 2 and Scary Movie have the stereotypical characters of the comedy drama; there is the Cheerleader Buffy in Scary Movie and Captain of the team Oz in American Pie, there are the sexually frustrated geeks, Jim and Bobby.

5 Online Style Guides

5 Online Style Guides 5 Online Style Guides 5 Online Style Guides By Mark Nichol You’re looking for a style guide to adopt, or for one you can use as a model for creating your own personal or professional handbook, but you don’t want to pay for one or more books to evaluate and perhaps use (print versions of the major style guides retail for $20–$65), or you’re done with dead-tree resources (translation: books). You could beg, borrow, or steal a copy, but fortunately, several excellent online style guides are available so that you needn’t resort to these strategies. 1. The Associated Press Stylebook The online version of the AP Stylebook, the bible of US journalists, costs $26 for an annual subscription more than the print version but it features bonus benefits, including email notifications of style updates and access to new entries and recent changes. It also includes a search function and a personalization feature. Subscribers can use the Ask the Editor feature and search its archive, which is more voluminous than the Stylebook itself. The subscription policy includes multiuser and renewal discounts. Print version: $19.95 2. Chicago Manual of Style The primary resource for US book publishers is offered online for $35 per year (with multiuser and government and corporate discounts), but several free features are available on the site, most notably the Chicago Style QA, which offers responses to queries either from the manual itself or from a live (and sometimes snarky) respondent. You needn’t pay for a short-form (but still substantial) guide to citing sources, either, and a guide to preparation of electronic manuscripts and a chart of proofreaders’ marks are also available to all site visitors. The subscription cost includes access to the entire text of the fifteenth and sixteenth editions, as well as an online forum and a personalization feature. Print version: $65 3. The Economist The free style guide for this venerable British publication (focusing, of course, on British English but suitable for Yanks as well) embarks on a sure footing with an enumeration of George Orwell’s famous writing rules, followed by these admonitions: Do not be stuffy. Use the language of everyday speech. Do not be hectoring or arrogant. Do not be too pleased with yourself. Do not be too chatty. Do not be too didactic. Do your best to be lucid. The format is encyclopedic, but the often wryly written entries (from Abbreviations to Wrack no entries, alas, for X ray, yak, or zeugma) are searchable, and some expand with the click of a link. (The long-form entry about abbreviations, for example, is more than 1,000 words long.) Print version: $29.95 4. National Geographic This free online resource from the National Geographic Society doesn’t show up high in search rankings, but it’s an excellent resource. (And, seriously, have you ever seen a clumsy sentence, a grammatical error, or even a typo in National Geographic?) Unusually terse but clear entries are organized alphabetically, and the site includes a directory of new and altered entries and, especially helpful, one of terms and rules that contradict other authoritative resources or are exceptions to the norm. Print version: none 5. Yahoo.com Alone among these five selections, Yahoo’s style guide (both in print form and on the Internet the latter version is free) focuses on online writing, and though concise prose is one of the hallmarks of Web content, the site’s articles are substantial (but helpfully so). The Editing 101 section includes thirty detailed articles about punctuation, abbreviation, capitalization, titles, and numbers, and Writing for the Web features more than thirty extensive articles grouped under ten topics such as Shorten and Strengthen Sentences and Write Clear User-Interface Text. The site also includes a selective but substantial sampling of Yahoo’s word list (downloadable, so you can adapt and add to it), a resource list, and an Ask the Editor feature. Print version: $21.99 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)What Is a Doctor?

Business and Institutional Marketing Coursework - 1

Business and Institutional Marketing - Coursework Example The last few decades witnessed dramatic growth in information technology and currently it has become one of the most robust industries in the world. Since the IT sector has a high rate of productivity, particularly in the industrially developed world, it plays a great role in driving the overall global economic growth. Economies of scale influence both consumers and enterprises to increase the demand for IT products and services; and this situation in turn contributes to the rampant growth of IT sector. Nowadays, information technology as well as hardware and software associated with IT sector have become an integral part of almost all global industries (Economy Watch 2010). Since information technology is potential enough to reduce the cost of production to a clear extent, every major company tends to acquire IT products and services despite the implementation costs. Dell, Inc. and IT industry Dell, Inc. is a Texas based American multinational IT corporation which deals with the development and sales of IT products and services. Currently, Dell is one of the world’s largest technological corporations with a potential of more than 103,300 employees (Dell, 2011). The company has been ranked at 41st in the Fortune 500 list. Development of customer base and mergers and acquisitions are the major expansion strategies of Dell and its major mergers and acquisitions include Alienware (2006) and Perot Systems (2009). As of 2009, the company’s product lines include personal computers, data storage devices, computer peripherals, and software. The Dell is well known in the IT industry for its innovativeness in supply chain management and e-commerce sector.

Research Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Integration - Essay Example The volume of data and evidence that was synthesized to come up with the guidelines is quite many which make it quite proper and important to nursing practice. Moreover, many experts were involved in developing this practice guideline such as microbiologists who play crucial roles in the treatment of AOM. To make the article more acceptable is the use of simple language that is easy to understand by all healthcare specialists. It highly recommends the concept of watchful waiting as the best option in handling AOM complications. Block, S. L. (1997). Causative Pathogens, Antibiotic Resistance And Therapeutic Considerations in Acute Otitis Media. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 16, 449–456. This source can be classified as a filtered information article owing to its approach to the handling of AOM. In essence, it reviews and gives a summary of proceedings in a symposium that discussed pertinent issues that are related to increased antibiotic resistance to AOM. In terms of t he kind of evidence, it falls under evidence summary because it delineates different recommendations of handling cases of AOM. Owing to the large volume of evidence surmised in this article, it is quite appropriate and suited for nursing practice. Moreover, it tackles different cases of AOM which may be caused by different pathogens in synergy which makes some AOM cases complicated. In such scenarios, the article is of the opinion that treatment and administration of antibiotics should only be started after the causative pathogens have been positively identified. This in turn ensures that cases of antibiotic resistance are reduced because some antibiotics are not effective in handling some causative pathogens of AOM. Kelley, P. E., Friedman, N., Johnson, C. (2007). Ear, nose, and throat. In W. W. Hay, M. J. Levin, J. M. Sondheimer, & R. R. Deterding (Eds.), Current Pediatric Diagnosis And Treatment (18th ed., pp. 459–492). New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. This is a filtered source because it gives an in depth analysis of different microbial infections that infect around the throat region. It has been noted that the different infections that occur within this region and affect the eyes, nose throat are caused by common or similar pathogens. It follows then that chances are high that infection in any of the parts will automatically lead infection of the other parts. This article can also be classified as evidence based guideline that tables diagnostic procedures as well as the treatment of AOM infections. The suitability of the source for nursing practice is found in the in depth analysis of different methods of handling cases of AOM. In addition, the article provides a chart or diagrammatic representation on how to handle this infection at each step of its progress. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of Acute Otitis Media In An Era Of Increasing Microbial Resistance. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 17, 576–579. Information is synth esized and analyzed about the rising resistance of pathogens that causes antibiotics to. Moreover, a guideline is also provided that gives the way forward on how to handle these complications and as such the source is a filtered source. In terms of evidence, it can be classified as

Bahlawane discussion Essay Example for Free

Bahlawane discussion Essay Conclusion Taking in account the scheme of galactoglucan synthesis regulation (Fig. 4. 1) and the scheme of motility regulation (Fig. 4. 2) proposed in this study, we may try to follow the effect of such regulation paths in the life styles of the bacteria. The last one is named as free – living microorganism or as symbiont in the plant root. In the first case, the bacteria are exposed to dryness and nutrients starvation. At this stage, the biofilm production is a pre-requisite for survival. Therefore, the EPS’s biosynthesis has to be switched ON. As it is quite improbable that the cell density is high enough to activate the quorum sensing system, we can speculate that MucR plays a key role in activating the succinoglycan biosynthesis. Since the soil exhibits very low level of Pi, galactoglucan is, at this point produced through the activation via phoB and WggR. Upon biofilm formation, the cell density probably increases and could activate the quorum sensing system, allowing the bacteria to produce more galactoglucan and swarm towards better conditions. In such conformation, the cells present within the centre of the swarming population are non motile and synthesized EPS; thus the cells present at the migration front are highly motile but do not synthesized EPS. It would be interesting to clarify whether a cell differentiation, as proposed by Soto (Soto et al. , 2002), takes place at this stage. Finally, if the host is present in the next neighbourhood the chemotactic compounds, as well as the nutrients found in the rood exudates, will attract the bacteria. When approaching the root, the moisture increases, along with the nutrients availability; so that swarming motility will be replaced by swimming motility that decline progressively. Indeed, the bacteria attached to the root, increasing the cell density that may lead to the inhibition of flagella production via ExpR / QS. Instead, EPS are produced, allowing recognition between the plant and the microbe as well as the invasion of the new synthesized infection thread. Once within the root, the bacteria will differentiate to bacteroid and start fixing nitrogen. We tried to highlight in this thesis the relevance of exopolysaccharides and motility for an efficient symbiosis. Great advances have been made the last years, leading to the identification of the quorum sensing interaction with motility. We participate in inclusion of MucR, as new regulator of motility and ExpR as requisite for swarming. However, the full understanding of the influence of motility in symbiosis establishment will require finding out which signals are inducing mucR and exoR/ exoS. Moreover, some tests have to be implemented to investigate the symbiosis establishment in more realistic conditions. Indeed, the bacteria are usually directly inoculated to the root, so that motility, via swarming or swimming is not required. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Alfred Puhler, Chair of the Genetics department, for allowing me use the very good infrastructure that promotes a very pleasant and conducive atmosphere during my research using performant techniques. I am especially grateful to Prof. Dr. Anke Becker, my supervisor, for giving me the chance to come back to research. Without her advices, ideas and resources, this work would not be possible and achieved. Thus, I thank her too for the freedom she gave me, as well as her support to test new ideas and her great help by conceiving and writing the manuscripts that become the pillars of this manuscript. Within the laboratory members, I would like to thank first Dr. Birgit Baumgarth who introduced me to the lab and to the investigated organism. Then, special thanks to Dr.Matthew McIntosh for the quorum sensing – related work and his help for preparing the derived publication. Furthermore, I would like to deeply thank Dr. Natasha Pobigaylo for her friendship, her helpful discussions and for giving me courage when I am about to lose it. I thank Manuela Mayer, too, for the assistance in microarray hybridizations as well as Dr. Lisa Krol, Javier Serrania and Thomas Montfort for the everyday help in the lab. Finally, I would like to thank all Exopol group members for the support and advices. Least, I would like to thank my family for their unending and heartwarming support in many ways. Special thanks to Rachida Bendaou, my mother-in-law, for her support in caring my children during my research. I would like to thank my children, Ines, Soraya and Jasmine, for filling up my life with love and happiness. I would like to apologize for the bad mood and stress situations that are unfortunately connected with such a thesis. My heartfelt gratitude to my understanding and loving husband, Naoufal, for his moral and financial support, for believing in me and for sharing the passion for science with me. Resume In order to enter symbiosis with its legume partner, Sinorhizobium meliloti has to face continual changing conditions. It has more ability to adapt quickly to the situation than the ability to face it efficiently that makes the difference in term of symbiosis efficiency. For the first interactions with its host, motility is required by S. meliloti to move towards the chemotactic compounds released by its host when exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are required later on, for the attachment to the root as well as for the invasion of the infection thread, leading to the formation of the root nodule. We focused in this study the regulatory networks leading to the coordination of motility and EPS’s production in the strain Rm2011. Depending on the phosphate concentration encountered in the environment Rm2011 synthesizes two different exopolysaccharides (EPS). Galactoglucan (EPS II) is produced under phosphate starvation but also in the presence of extra copies of the transcriptional regulator WggR (ExpG) or as a consequence of a mutation in mucR. The galactoglucan biosynthesis gene cluster contains the operons wga (expA), wge (expE), wgd (expD), and wggR (expG). Two promoters, differentially controlled by WggR, PhoB, and MucR, were identified upstream of each of these operons. The proximal promoters of the wga, wge, and wgd transcription units were constitutively active when separated from the upstream regulatory sequences. Promoter activity studies and the positions of predicted PhoB and WggR binding sites suggested that the proximal promoters are cooperatively induced by PhoB and WggR. MucR was shown to strongly inhibit the distal promoters and bound to the DNA in the vicinity of the distal transcription start sites. An additional inhibitory effect on the distal promoter of the structural galactoglucan biosynthesis genes was identified as a new feature of WggR in a mucR mutant. Motility is organized in S. meliloti in a hierarchical cascade, with Class Ia genes, encoding the major regulator of motility VisNR; controlling the expression of the class Ib gene, rem, which encodes a central regulator, activating the expression of the downstream Class II and class III genes. We could demonstrate that MucR binds a DNA sequence upstream of rem, following a different mechanism as previously observed upon binding upstream of the wg genes. By this way, MucR inhibits rem expression as well as the expression of the Rem-regulated genes such as flaF and flgG. Furthermore, we addressed a balance of the swimming and swarming abilities of several S. meliloti strains derivatives of Rm2011. We could show that all strains, able to build flagella, were swimming on low viscosity agar plates. However, swarming over high viscosity agar plates required all a functional expR / sin locus, the ability to build flagellum and the production of exopolysaccharides. Finally, we propose a model for the coordination of motility and EPSs synthesis in S. meliloti.

Overview of the Olympics :: Sports History Athletics Essays

Overview of the Olympics The Olympic Games are an international sports competition. In the Olympics, athletes play in many types of games. Some athletes compete in the Summer Olympics. Some compete in the Summer Olympics. The Olympic Games are very old and have a very interesting history. The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in ancient times. They probably began in the sixth century B.C. The contests are held every four years in the summer. The first games lasted for only one day. There was only one contest. It was a short race. Only Greek men were allowed to run in the race. Women were not allowed to watch the games either, or to be anywhere near the gaming area. Other events were added later, swimming. But the ancient games were stopped in the fourth century, A.D., when Greece was ruled by Rome. The Olympics were started again in the nineteenth century, after Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman, who later being recognized as the Father of Modern Olympics, suggested that it would be good to have the game again, but not just for Greek People. De Coubertin organized a meeting in 1894. Representatives from nine countries went to the meeting in Paris. They agreed to start the Olympic Games again in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The Olympic Games have been held every four years since 1896. Three times, the games were not held because of a world war. There were no games in 1916, 1940, and 1944. The first competition in modern times was held in Athens, but not all of the games have been held there. The Olympic Games are held in many different cities around the world. The 2008 Olympic will be held in Beijing, China. Baron de Coubertin also started a committee to run the Olympics. This committee is called the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It has offices in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Committee has made many decisions that affect the modern Olympics. In 1912, the Committee decided to allow women to compete. In 1924, a second group of games was begun. These new games were played in the winter of each Olympic year. The IOC also makes the rules for athletes in the Olympics. The events and games of the Olympics are of several different types. There are individual contests, where each athlete plays alone. To win this type of contests, one athlete must be better, faster, or stronger than other athletes.

Nutrition in Fitness and Sport

Final Case Study: A Teenage Female Champion Grace MacMillan Nutrition for Fitness and Sport Introduction Ice hockey is characterized by high intensity intermittent skating, rapid changes in velocity, lengthy duration and frequent body contact (1). The typical player performs for 15 to 20 minutes of a 60 minute game (1). Each shift lasts from 30 to 90 seconds with 4 to 4 minutes of recovery between shifts.The intensity of a particular shift is determined be the duration and the extent of the contribution from aerobic to anaerobic energy systems by the player (1). In order to accommodate the body for these high intensity bursts and length of activity the player must develop muscle strength, power and anaerobic endurance in addition to a good aerobic system (1). Hockey players tend to have a mesomorphic structure and are relatively lean to positively influence their skating performance (1). For my nutrition analysis I chose an adolescent female hockey player.As far as teenage athletes g o, AC has already more than filled her resume with an abundance of accomplishments including a gold medal from the 2012 IIHF World Women’s U18 Championship, the 2011 Tier 1 Under 19 U. S. National Championship, the 2010 Under 16 U. S. National Championship and the 2009 Atlantic Challenge Cup in addition to representing Team Nova Scotia at the 2011 Canada Winter Games. As a student at the private hockey prep school of Sattuck-St. Mary’s in Faribauly, Minnesota she is limited to a very specific selection of food on campus as she is a boarding student there.Female athletes are faced daily with the challenge of meeting the nutrient requirements for growth and development in addition to sport performance (2). Due to the wide range of physiological demands a large proportion of female athletes regularly do not meet DRI’s for a number of macro and micronutrients some of which include vitamin D, folate, vitamin E and calcium (2). The current research illustrates the cha llenges that female athletes may face, otherwise known as the â€Å"female athlete triad† which include disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis (3).Furthermore, female teenage athletes have found to have relatively low energy intake and inadequate intakes of certain nutrients which are observed to improve seasonally in correspondence to their in-season and off-season, respectively (4). Assessment Part A: Objective Data AC is a 17 year old female who is currently 68. 95kg at 1. 73m tall and has reported to have a 21% body fat composition, which equates to a normal BMI of 23. AC communicated the desire to cut weight to 65. 7kg, which equates to a normal BMI of 22 by August 1st 2012 in preparation for her next achievement of playing for Team Canada in the Olympics. In the patient’s case it would be more appropriate to use the body fat percentage to measure weight loss because the losses will be in body fat not lean body mass (5). Fortunately in preparation of this event, AC is required to fill out a daily reflection including food log, physical activity as defined by strength training, cardio and core exercise and personal reflection.Thus, from the data given to me I have chosen to pick 3 weekdays and 3 weekend days to analyze. In summary, in-season she participates twice weekly with a strength training workout for approximately one hour and ice skating (practice) every day for approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. As part of school extra circular activities she incorporates basketball 3 times weekly for 45 minutes in addition to games once to twice weekly. During the off-season she strives to maintain 4 days per week of strength training exercise, in addition to skating twice a week and running for approximately an hour each day.The raw data can be viewed in appendix A. Part B: Analysis of the Data The analysis of AC’s daily reflection reveals that as most female athletes she does not meet the required amount of energy for her physical activity level and body structure, but due to her current goal of losing weight, restricting calories while maintaining the recommended amount of servings as per the Canada’s Food Guide does not put her at risk for any of the symptoms of the female triad.AC’s diet analysis reveals that although she is meeting her calcium requirement, other nutrients of concern as revealed by the literature review such as vitamin D, E and folate are not being met. AC is currently taking a multivitamin but was unable to describe in any detail in the interview type or contents (as her mother sends them too her from home) but the vitamin most likely supplies micronutrient needs. Furthermore, in most cases AC is effective with meal timing, especially when you look at her inclusion of mid-morning snacks most days, which tend to be the days where a morning practice or working out is has occured.In regards to AC’s recommended food guide servings, as analyzed in appendix B, she meets he r dairy servings all of the time, meat and alternative servings most of the time but only meets her fruit and vegetable and grain servings half some of the time. This further eliminates the risk of osteoporosis and protein losses, thus, analysis should focus on grain servings to promote increased carbohydrate consumption and reaching daily servings of fruits and vegetables.If we calculate AC’s carbohydrate (CHO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 400g – 680g CHO/day. This amount can easily be adjusted daily in correspondence to the amount of exercise and energy level to accommodate weight loss. The average CHO intake was 246. 67g per day which equates to approximately 1000 Kcal per day but only nearly half of the recommended CHO consumption.As the role of protein is to build and repair tissue, consuming the recommended serving amounts is extremely important to protect herself against the risk of protein losses. If we calculate AC`s protein (PRO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 89g – 103g PRO/day. To protect against protein losses and maintain existing muscle, timing of consumption becomes extremely important.After exercise protein sources should be consumed immediately after (stage 1) and within 2 hours after (stage 2) but should not exceed more than 1. 6g/kg per day (5). The average PRO intake was 104g per day which equates to approximately 417. 33 Kcal per day and exceeds her recommended protein intake slightly. As some dietary fat is essential to cell development and synthesis, and the recommended amounts range from 20-35% of the dietary energy intake are required.In comparison to her recommended range of fat intake as described by EatTracker, AC is n ot usually achieving her recommended amount of fat as her average fat intake was 42g per day which equates to approximately 378 Kcal, which is just less than 12% daily intake from fat. Lastly, fluids impact the regulation of body temperature, hydration and remove metabolic excretions which all improve athletic performance. Sweat rates and hydration level are affected by the duration, environmental temperature and intensity of the exercise the participant is engaged in, ergo, water needs are fairly diverse.As a regular participant in vigorous and enduring exercise AC’s fluid recommendations would be fairly high. AC reported to consume at least one cup of water usually at every meal and drinks as much as 2L over the duration of any length of exercise. Nutrition Plan and Recommendations In regards to the literature review of typical female athlete concerns, AC is an ideal patient considering she does not show any symptoms of the female athlete triad and although weight loss is d esired, she has determined an appropriate weight loss and time frame to achieve her goal by maintaining food guide recommendations while reducing energy intake.AC has described an appropriate goal of losing 3. 18kg over 8 months (as the goal was acknowledged in January) to increase athletic performance and maintain good health by reducing body fat. To improve weight loss results AC should consume a number of small frequent meals that have a high proportion of CHO to maintain blood glucose levels and moderate protein levels to ensure adequate replacement of lean protein tissue (5). Although AC is typically meeting her Food Guide recommendations, she needs to ensure adequate energy intake of approximately 2700 Kcal/day and devise energy into 5-6 small meals every day.Some days she is just barely consuming 1200 Kcal which is not enough energy to keep her body strong and maintain muscle tissue when considering the amount of physical demand on the body from the substantial amount of exer cise. An energy reduction of 500 Kcal (2700kcal/day from 3200kcal/day) is appropriate to reduce weight by approximately 0. 45kg (1lb) per week, reducing weight by approximately 3. 6kg over 8 weeks. This gives the participant approximately 24 weeks to maintain and stabilize weight loss.As AC’s physical activity participation is generally stable it is more appropriate to request stable and reduced energy intakes versus increasing physical activity duration (5). Further recommendations for AC would be to monitor weight changes during exercise to ensure adequate hydration status. Before exercise, increase fluid intake and reduce fat and fiber intake to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize GI upsets (5). During and after exercise consume fluids to replace sweat losses and maintain hydration status, which may include incorporating a sport drink to replenish water, carbohydrate and electrolyte levels.To increase consumption, ensure fluids are chilled to approximately 10 degrees Celsius (5). Advise that most liquids including milk, water, soup, 100% percent juices and sports drinks all contribute to fluid intake recommendation. * I would advise AC to increase carbohydrate and fat intake by adding a carbohydrate rich snack in the afternoon each day and increase fat of dairy products. A recommended meal plan using the ‘Beyond the Basics’ guidelines can be viewed in appendix G taking into consideration AC’s limited food choices, EER, carbohydrate, protein and fat recommendations. Appendix A: AC’s Daily ReflectionsAppendix B: Nutritional Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) January 7 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 10 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 16 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrition Analysis January 21 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 23 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 30 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis Appendix C: Overview of Vitamin In take Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Appendix D: Estimate Energy Requirements Calculation Female (age 9-18) = 135. 3 – 30. 8 x Age + [PA x (10. 0 x Wt. + 934 x Ht. )] + 25 = 135. 3 – 30. x Age + [1. 56 (10. 0 x 68. 95kg + 934 x 1. 73m)] + 25 = 3233 kcal/day ? 3200 kcal/day Appendix E: Carbohydrate Requirements As a percent of 3200 Kcal and expressed as total grams per day = 55 – 60% x 3200Kcal = 1760 – 1920Kcal / day = 1760 – 1920 Kcal / 4 Kcal/g ? 440 – 480 g CHO/day As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity = 6 – 10g/kg x 68. 95kg = 413. 7g – 689. 5g CHO/day ? 400g – 680g CHO/day Appendix F: Protein Requirements As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day = 1. 3g/kg – 1. g/kg x 68. 95kg = 89. 64g – 103. 43g PRO/day ? 89g – 103g PRO/day Appendix G : Meal Plan Breakfast 1 cup 100% fruit juice, 1 large banana, 1 slice French toast, 2 tbsp maple syrup, 1 cup yogurt Morning Snack 1 Instant Oatmeal pouch, 2 tbsp peanut butter, 1 med. apple Lunch 1 cups 2% milk, 1 cup pasta, ? cup ground beef, ? cup tomato sauce, 1 cup strawberries Afternoon Snack 12 crackers, 1 medium orange Supper 1 cup 2% milk, 1 cup rice, 1 chicken breast, ? cup carrots, ? cup kernel corn Evening snack 24 tortilla chips, ? cup salsa Appendix H: Meal Plan Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Food Group Analysis of Meal Plan:Nutrient Analysis References 1. Montgomery DL. Physiology of Ice Hockey. Sports Med. 1988;5(2):99-126. 2. Gibson JC, Stuard-Hill L, Martin S and Gaul C. Nutritional status of junior elite Canadian female soccer athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21(6):507-14. 3. Gabel K. Special nutritional concerns for the female athlete. ACSM. 2006;5(4):187-191. 4. Ziegler P et al. Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure s katers. J Amer Diet Assoc. 2002;102(3):374-379. 5. Williams MH. Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport. 9th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; 2010. 6. Dufour, A. Introduction to Protein Powerpoint.Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 7. Dufour, A. Practical Applications of Protein (PRO) Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 8. Convertino, V. A, Armstrong L. E. , Coyle, W. F. , et al. (1996). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement. American College of Sports Medicine, 517-521. 9. Dufour, A. Energy Metabolism and Carbohydrates Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2011. 10. Dieticians of Canada. EatTracker. Dieticians of Canada; 2012. 11. Canadian Diabetes Association. Beyond the Basics: Meal Planning for Healthy Eating, Diabetes Prevention and Management, Version 2. Toronto: Canadian Diabetes Association; 2005.

Tok Essay Can We Trust Our Emotions in the Pursuit of Knowledge?

Grade awarded: B Criterion A6 Criterion B7 Criterion C6 Criterion D7 Total26 This is a good essay. Despite some localized difficulties (for example, lines 10–11, confusion with the truth tests, line 76, error with â€Å"a priori†) there is some sense of personal engagement and the essay does consistently identify relevant knowledge issues. Criterion A: Understanding knowledge issues Mark awarded: 6 The essay is consistently relevant to the title and there is evidence of real ambition and some attempt to use profound ideas (specifically Godel’s ideas (lines 20–26) and the evolutionary ideas of lines 96–97).However, the ideas are not always used effectively; there is clearly some understanding but it falls short of a â€Å"good† understanding. In particular, there is awareness that the idea of â€Å"truth† is problematic (for example, the introduction and lines 18–19) and its meaning is explored in different areas of knowledge (ma thematics, art, history, ethics, religion) and everyday events (the Iraq war, the table), but the handling of the issue is uneven and at times inconsistent. Criterion B: Knower’s perspective Mark awarded: 7The essay has a clear student voice, starting with an engaging introduction which understands—but is not prepared to countenance—total skepticism; despite the clumsy formulation (lines 4–5) one senses an awareness of alternative perspectives and a personal stand. The examples are appropriate, varied and reasonably effective (for example, lines 31–33, the gamelan; lines 20–26, a brave, if not entirely successful, attempt to concisely explain Godel’s ideas; lines 51–55, Texan law; lines 56–75, Iraq; lines 39–41, Hiroshima and Nagasaki).The quality and quantity show that the student can independently link the ideas to personal, academic and real-life situations, and are a strong feature of this essay. Criterion C: Quality of analysis of knowledge issues Mark awarded: 6 The analysis of issues is weaker than their identification, and the precise links between â€Å"context† and â€Å"truth† are not specified (for example, the examples of the gamelan and Dawkins are both potentially rich but undeveloped).While there is a sense of exploring the idea of truth in different contexts, the inquiry lacks depth and detail, and some conclusions are not adequately supported (for example, line 18, the conclusion â€Å"However†¦ contexts† is supported by examples from non-mathematical contexts; line 13, â€Å"make four because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is an apparently unaware argument from authority; lines 20–26, Godel’s ideas are not used adequately; lines 28–30, â€Å"Perceptions†¦ view and place† is asserted rather than argued for).It might be argued that the extensive treatment of the Iraq war, while certainly showcasing the student’s perspective o n the issue, might be somewhat polemical rather than carefully argued. Claims of â€Å"emotive language, colourful†¦ fallacies† (lines 67–68) are not elaborated upon and, in the overall picture of the essay, this example seems to contradict the overall conclusion that â€Å"Margaret Atwood was right when she said that context is all† (line 101). Criterion D: Organization of ideas

The Origin of the Popsicle

The Origin of the Popsicle The Popsicle was invented by an  11-year-old boy in 1905, and it was a fluke. Young Frank Epperson didn’t set out to create a treat that would keep kids happy and cool on summer days for generations to come. He mixed some soda powder and water in a glass with a small wooden stirrer, then adventure called and he wandered off and forgot about his drink. It remained outside overnight.   A Cold San Francisco Night It was cold in the San Francisco Bay area that night. When Epperson went outside the next morning, he discovered the first-ever Popsicle waiting for him, trapped frozen inside its glass. He ran the glass under hot water and was able to pull the icy treat out using the stirrer. He licked the frozen treat off the stirrer and decided it was pretty good. History was made and an entrepreneur was born. Epperson  named the treat an Epsicle, taking credit where it was due, and began selling them around the neighborhood.   Beyond the Neighborhood Fast-forward 18 years to 1923. Epperson saw a bigger and better future for his Epsicle and he applied for a patent for his frozen ice on a stick.† He described the treat as a â€Å"frozen confection of attractive appearance, which can be conveniently consumed without contamination by contact with the hand and without the need for a plate, spoon, fork, or another implement.† Epperson recommended birch, poplar, or wood-bass for the stick. Now a grown man with children of his own, Epperson deferred to their judgment and renamed the treat Popsicle, as in â€Å"Pop’s Sickle.† He moved beyond the neighborhood and began selling his Popsicles at a California amusement park. A Not-So-Happy Ending Unfortunately, Epperson’s Popsicle business failed to thrive – at least for him personally. He fell on hard times in the late 1920s and sold his Popsicle rights to the Joe Lowe Company of New York. The Lowe Company took the Popsicle to national fame with more success than Epperson had enjoyed. The company added a second stick, effectively creating two Popsicles stuck together and selling this double-sized version for a nickel. It’s rumored that approximately 8,000 were sold on just one hot summer day at Brooklyn’s Coney Island. Then Good Humor decided all this was an infringement of its own copyright for ice cream and chocolate sold on a stick. A series of lawsuits ensued with the court ultimately deciding that the Lowe Company had the right to sell frozen treats made from water while Good Humor could continue to sell its â€Å"ice cream pops.† Neither side was particularly pleased with the decision. Their feud continued until 1989 when Unilever purchased Popsicle and, subsequently, Good Humor, joining the two brands under one corporate roof. Unilever continues to sell Popsicles to this day – an estimated two billion of them a year in flavors as exotic as mojito and avocado, although cherry still remains the most popular. The double-stick version is gone, however. It was eliminated in 1986 because it was too messy and more difficult to eat than Epperson’s initial accidental brainstorm.

Witty Mothers Day Quotes

Witty Mothers Day Quotes A chuckle and good humor- that could be your gift to your mother on Mothers Day. Use these witty Mothers Day quotes to crack her up. Pin up posters with witty Mothers Day quotes to pack a punch. She will appreciate your sense of humor and your tactful expression. Roseanne BarrI know how to do anything- Im a mom. Rodney DangerfieldMy mother never breast-fed me; she told me she only liked me as a friend. Erma BombeckWhen your mother asks, Do you want a piece of advice? it is a mere formality. It doesnt matter if you answer yes or no. Youre going to get it anyway. Larisa OleynikIf my mom reads that I am grammatically incorrect, I will have hell to pay. Phyllis DillerI want my children to have all the things I could not afford. Then I want to move in with them. Milton BerleIf evolution really works, how come mothers only have two hands? Bob MonkhouseMy mother tried to kill me when I was a baby. She denied it. She said she thought the plastic bag would keep me fresh. Peter De VriesA suburban mothers role is to deliver children obstetrically once, and by car for ever after. Buddy HackettMy mothers menu consisted of two choices: Take it or leave it. Nora EphronWhat my mother believed about cooking is that if you worked hard and prospered, someone else would do it for you.

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint Assignment

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that it has been observed that about 100 percent of the temperature has increased over the last 50 years. This is due to the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth. The concentration of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, etc has created a harmful layer over the ozone. The greenhouse gases act as a mirror of the earth. It reflects the heat waves of the sun back to the earth. This process increases the temperature of the earth causing global warming. As we can see in the paper, carbon dioxide (CO2) generated through fossil fuel such as kerosene, gas, petrol or oil has increased dramatically over the past 50 years.   The concentration of the CO2 has also increased due to the same. The temperature of Earth has increased by 3 to 5 percent in the year 2010. The sea level has also increased by 25 meters, i.e. about 82 feet above in 2010. Carbon footprint is nothing but the sum total of all the g reenhouse gases. The main cause that contributes to the increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the household electricity, clothing, food, and transportation. All these factors are responsible for the release of huge amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, the good news is that there are ways to reduce emission and carbon footprints. The US government has not set any legal bindings or targets for the reduction of GHG emission in the past but President Barack Obama has introduced the policy of US to reduce the emission by 14 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. The US government is mainly focusing on the reduction of fuel emission by regularly reviewing the number of vehicle and the emission of GHG gases.

A crime in English Law and Canadian Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A crime in English Law and Canadian Law - Essay Example These two elements are actus reus and mens rea. It is important to note that concurrence of these two elements is mandatory to prove any offence. While existence of these two elements is common in English and Canadian laws, there are some major differences when it comes to their interpretation in these two laws. In order to analyze definition of crime in English and Canadian laws, developing understanding of actus reus and mens rea is imperative. There are varied definitions of crime present in different national and international laws. However, the most recurrent definition is given by Blackburn (1993, p. 5) which defines crime to be â€Å"acts attracting legal punishment that are injurious in some way to the community at large or one or more people within it†. Another Canadian version of this definition is provided by Tappan (1960) which defines crime as â€Å"an intentional act or omission in violation of criminal law (statutory or case law), committed without defense or j ustification, and sanctioned by the state as a felony or misdemeanor (Haggan, 2011).† It is important to note that a crime will only be considered as committed if there is actus reus (guilty act carried out voluntarily) and mens rea (guilty mind leading to intention of committing the act) (Boyd, 2010). Therefore, mens rea and actus reus are the major elements of criminal law. Hence, a crime is a breach of rules defined by the state or any other governing authority. Most of the crimes are considered as offences against the state and community. The definition of crime under Canadian law is relatively similar to the one prevailing in English law. Therefore, the crime occurs when an individual breaches criminal law prevailing in the state voluntarily and with guilty mind (actus reus and mens rea respectively). Both laws also presume innocence of the accused until unless proven guilty. However, Canadian law levies burden of proof on the crown counsel in Canada (Boyd, 2010). There i s also slight variation in the elements of these two laws. In English criminal law, actus Reus and mens rea form the main elements of law. Omission of intent is a third element which is referred to as strict liability. However, in many cases, the criminal intentions are not required to be shown. In such cases, strict liability is applied. On the other hand, elements of Canadian criminal law includes actus reus, mens rea, special circumstances leading to incomplete offences, aiding and assisting in crime (Boyd, 2010). As far as criminal liability is concerned, it forms part of product liability law instead of criminal law. In order to understand differences between these two major elements of criminal law, it is important to analyze how English and Canadian laws consider actus reus and mens rea individually. The origin for actus reus and mens rea is English law and it is adapted in Canadian version of criminal law and other parts of the world as well. Actus Reus itself is a Latin for guilty act and is considered as mandatory criterion for criminal offence. It is important to note that actus reus defines all the elements of an offence other than mens rea which defines one’s state of mind. Actus Reus’ severity is defined by circumstances in which the offence has taken place or its consequences. Hence, the act has to be voluntary and willfully committed in order to fulfill the condition of Actus Reus. There are four types of crimes on the basis of actus Reus which are actions crimes i.e. conduct, state of affairs crimes, result crimes and omission. Actions crimes take place when the consequences of the acts are immaterial. State of affairs

Biology as an important aspect of gender and sexuality Research Paper

Biology as an important aspect of gender and sexuality - Research Paper Example re considered to have emerged from the ramifications of biology. Gender groups in the society segregated based on male and female divisions have long occupied the larger sections of the social sphere. These groups were observed in previous times to have carved out their social identities based on responsibilities and duties assigned to them by dearth of their biological birth. Thus biology is considered to have contributed to the construction of masculine and feminine ideals in society (Lewis, 2003, p.11-12). The division of social groups into such masculine and feminine characteristics to a larger extent is observed to cause the emergence of a patriarchal society, which in turn likes to dominate over the female class. The female groups, owing to the fact of continuous oppression and due submission of their desires have started revolting to this. Further, with the rise in different heterogeneous groups, the rise of homogeneous groups is also found to have grown up in a gradual fashio n, demanding increased space in the social circles (Murrin et al., 2011, p.511). Society also observes the rise in feminine circles reflecting different demands to gain further potential in the male dominated society. This has led to the increasing politicisation of the social system constructed under the banner of gender patterns. Again, the rise in homogeneous circles like gays and lesbians have lead to further threatening of the existing heterogeneous groups pertaining to the male and females. Thus it is observed that the understandings of gender groups are being endeavoured to be segregated from its biological roots. In this light, the paper endeavours to understand that despite the attempts to segregate the study of gender groups from its biological roots, it is now considered worthwhile to return back to its biological base (Carver and Pikalo, 2008, p.168). An Understanding of the Current Debates made on Gender, Sex, Sexuality and Culture Gender as a concept has received much importance in the current era owing to the fact that it helps in creating a separate identity for the sexes living in the society. It is often considered that biology has contributed a lot in creating this gender distinction and thus is conceived to be a natural factor. It is held that Biology alone determines the role the different sex groups needs to play in the society. However it is also held that sex, biology and the nature at large work based on a continuum. They do not have any conflict between them. The conflict arises in regards to their usage in the social context. In the social fervour the concept of gender takes a more dominating position than that of sexual dynamism as reflected in the domains of biology. Gender roles in the society have led to the creation of separate identity groups focusing on separate tasks to help the society progress. However in the changing world the portrayal of different advertisements reflect the change in the socio-dynamic relationships betwe en the two genders as the feminist class rises to shoulder the responsibilities previously held to be the possessions of only their male counterparts. Yet again biology comes into front declaring that the priority of the female or the women class is to produce and rear the children and the men to work for running the family (Baines and Marrin, 2005, p.260). The issue of sex, gender

Vivienne westwoods philosophy and influences in contemporary design

Vivienne westwoods philosophy and influences in contemporary design Abstract The article is talking about one of Englands leading fashion designers, Vivienne Westwood. Who aslo has been one of Britains most consistently original, outrageous, eccentric and controversial designers. Today, she has evolved from an iconoclastic outsider to an internationally revered figure, with two British Designer of the Year awards, an OBE, her own successful fashion label and an unrivalled reputation for leading where other designers follow. Her lifestyle could scarcely be in greater contrast to the opulence which surrounds other leading designers.So in this article, it discuss about how did an awkward girl from a conventional and provincial background become one of world fashions most influential and respected designers and how her design influence on present day design culture. Vivienne Westwood, one of Englands leading fashion designers who maintaining a devotion to history as a key theme to her unique styles. She has these wisps of yellow-blond hair spill around her oval face, which has been plucked, painted and powdered into a perfect cameo. Her lips are a bright kiss-me red, while her walk is that of a slowly advancing, scepter-toting monarch. Vivienne Westwood, really is made of awesome with her funky and creative designs. She is respected throughout the industry and fashion world as a highly influential designer.Vivienne Westwoods early profileVivienne Westwoods story is featured. Westwood grew up in the village of Tintwistle and he worked as a teacher in North England in 1962. She also had a 13 year marriage with Malcolm McLaren in the 1970s that resulted in two sons. At the same time, artists like Chrissie Hynde and bands like the Sex Pistols were influenced by Vivienne Westwood who was the creator of punk rock music and style in the 70s.She inspire d the current British designers such as Christian Lacroix and John Galliano, was knighted the Order of the British Imperial Medal by the queen in 1992, and is presently married to the designer Andreas Kronthaler. Vivienne Westwood starts her fashion career in 1971 when she opened a small shop called Let It Rock at 430 Kings Road in Chelsea with Malcolm McLaren, a former art student six years her junior. They had met in 1965 when Ms. Westwood, already a young mother and separated from her first husband, was working as a primary school teacher. Their partnership, which also produced a child, would soon shake up British fashion.Mr. McLaren was the rebel, the agitator, the provocateur, while Ms. Westwood was his muse and model, already in 1971 she wore spiky peroxide with dyed hair, as well as a skilled craftsman. In its first version, 430 Kings Road became a 1950s nostalgia parlor with Teddy Boy, or Edwardian revival clothes, copied and sold as a kind of anti-hippie protest. And Ms. Westwood was the one doing the unpicking, copying and resolving.In 1973 the couple renamed the store Too Fast to Live Too Young to Die, this time in homage to James Dean and the rising motorcycle culture. Leather, st uds and buckles appeared alongside T-shirts with aggressive slogans. But this lasted barely 15 months.In April 1974 the store became SEX and was filled with sadomasochistic and pornographic references as well as clothes made of leather and rubber, including rubber-wear for the office.In 1975 the Sex Pistols, a rock group formed by Mr. McLaren, carried the punk movement beyond Chelsea, even beyond Britain. Wearing outrageous clothes and scandalizing the media with profanities, the Sex Pistols trumpeted Mr. McLarens anti-authoritarian message. Its first single, Anarchy in the U.K., was followed by an irreverent God Save the Queen, which was promptly banned by British radio. In 1977 SEX was renamed Seditionaries, but punk power began to wane. In 1979 Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols died of a drug overdose, and the group was disbanded. In 1980 Seditionaries became Worlds End and when Mr. McLaren wanted to vacate it, Ms. Westwood held onto it. More crucially, for the first time she began designing her own clothes with what became known as the Pirates collection. This collection, her first to be presented on a catwalk, in 1981, was to prove a turning point, not only because it announced her interest in historicism, but also because within two years she would form her own company without Mr. McLaren. I decided that in order to understand the world I lived in, I should somehow enter it and exploit my own ideas and see how I could get on, she recalled in a recent interview at the Victoria and Albert. Vivienne Westwoods philosophyMs. Westwood rise herself as a fashion maverick comes from being both wildly inventive and perversely out of touch. But most of the people call her the queen of extreme. Her managing partner, Carlo DAmario said This is a woman whos an English eccentric. But he said it with a tone for unexplained phenomena. To imagine what that means, all you have to do is picture this quaint-looking lady attended the Dame Edna Show in 1989 with a flesh-tone tights and a glimmering green fig leaf. And her famous entrance into Buckingham Palace in 1992 to receive her Order of the British Empire from the Queen, when she obliged photographers with a triumphant twirl, there was hardly a living soul in Britain who didnt know that Ms. Westwood was 1 sans culottes under her whirling skirts.But that Ms. Westwood truly become the genuine iconoclasts at that period. Those style expresses the delirium and anarchy of their time. Now, at an age when many other designers are resting on their laurels, Ms. Westwood is taking on New York. Yesterday in SoHo, she opened her first store in the United States, a 7,000-square-foot emporium at 71 Greene Street, near Spring Street, that will sell her mens and womens collections, as well as more popular secondary lines. Ms. Westwoods personal style also appear on her design but more on a creative way. Her design contexts come from different elements. First main element is music, more clearly from punk music. The English Punk style began to gain attention when the Sex Pistols wore clothes from Ms. Westwood and McLarens shop. The punk style included 2 BDSM fashion, bondage gear, safety pins, razor blades, bicycle or lavatory chains on clothing and spiked dog collars for jewelry, as well as outrageous make-up and hair. These designs are definited as rebellion , anti form or sexy. In that very beginning of her career as a designer during the punk movement ,her designs become more substance than generally thought. Secondly, there is another essential design element in her which is the adoption of traditional elements of Scottish design such as tartan fabric. The tartan pattern is the main symbol of Scottish tradition clothing style. And Ms. Westwoods using of tartan is unparalleled, in her collections an d triumphed in Anglomania (A/W 1993) (Figure 1). Her fascination with Scottish traditions by using a mix of different tartans, her ensembles exploited the rich depth, colour and diversity of the traditional checked pattern. The tartans were made to order by Locharron of Scotland, who also created a special design for Westwood called the McAndreas, after her second husband, Andreas Kronthaler. Amongst the more unusual elements of her style is the use of historical 17th and 18th century cloth cutting principles, and reinterpreting these in, for instance, radical cutting lines to mens trousers. Use of these traditional elements make the overall effect of her designs more shocking. Other influential elements in Ms. Westwoods work have included Peru, the feminine figure, velvet and knitwear. Ms. Westwoods design has ranged from early punk garments to glamorous historical 5 evening gowns. She worked these together to revolutionize fashion and the impact is still strongly felt today. Now, Ms. West wood has five exclusively-owned shops; three in London, one in Leeds, and one in Milan. Franchise stores are located in Liverpool, Newcastle, Glasgow, three in Manchester and most recently, in FH Mall, Nottingham (20 March 2008), and in Blake Street, York (11 September 2008). Westwoods themes have included Savage (1981), Hobo and Buffalo (1982), and Pirate. Her latest collection was themed Gold and Treasure, Adventure and Exploration. So, if Ms. Westwood often comes across as a bit of a crank, it is easy to see why. Whereas most designers take a humble slice of the cultural pie, Ms. Westwood wallows in the whole glorious mess. She will refer to the Industrial Revolution, Greek skeptism, the Sex Pistols, the decline of standards in English art schools, Picasso, sex, John Stuart Mill in one sitting. Ive always needed to explain myself in more general terms rathe r than only through fashion, she said. Vivienne Westwoods influences on punk cultureVivienne Westwood was punk symbol in the angry 1970s , she was wearing clothes festooned with spikes and pins. Today everyone knows what punk fashion is, but in 1970 it didnt exist. Punk first emerged in the mid 1970s in London as an anarchic and aggressive movement. Punk become a succeeded style even more when Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren put the punk ideas into their design ventures. In the 1975, McLaren launched the Punk music group called Sex Pistols which became the icon beyond Britain. They were wearing outrageous clothes and all these clothes were come from the shop called Sex that Vivienne Westwood opened on the Kings Road, London. That shop sold leather and rubber fetish goods, especially bondage trousers. Including rubber-wear for the office. Ms. Westwood gave world the fresh shock at that time and that is why her name is associated with the punk movement. In Ms. Westwoods punk style design, BDSM fashion is also a main element. Before 1970s, BDSM fashion wasnt something you can show in public or feel good about it in Britain. But Ms. Westwood brought it into her punk design. In the early summer of 1974, Westwood and Mclaren decided to invent the shop Sex with a fetish and bondage outlet, inspired in part by their recent visit to New York. This trip had opened their eyes to the outsider status of sexual deviancy, which, now as then, has a far greater capacity to shock than youth cult. The shop Sex underwent a prolonged refit, and the fact that it was closed for months and reopened in September 1974, the transformation was total (Figure 2). Outside, the name `SEX was emblazoned in four-feet-high pink rubber capitals and sprayed with slogans from Valerie Solanas SCUM manifesto, as well as slogans and quotes from the drug addicted outsider pornographer Trocchi. And these design gave the information to public that everyone can enjoy their style with no shame. Even in today, it still influence on youth sub-cultural.Vivienne Westwoods influences on Scottish design styleScottish Style become wold knowing in fashion by Vivienne Westwood in 1990s. Before, Scottish culture is just famous by it s traditional instrument the Great Highland Bagpipe clothing, and the performers who are wearing 3 kilts. Ms. Westwood use this tartan pattern into her design with creativity. We can find it with all different shapes or colors through her collections. But she use the tartan in a complete new way, she will mix and match them , put great flash on them through Viviennes color and lining. Today, tartan become one of the main fashion style which called Preppy Look, has been wide using by many designers. But Ms. Westwood still the on who done more for tartan than any other designer embracing the plaid extensively in her collections. The Locharron Textile Mill in Scotland created a special tartan for Westwood called the McAndreas. (Figure 3) Vivienne Westwood mix fashion with sexualityMs. Westwoods collection Britain Must Go Pagan in 1989 was truly a show full of sexuality information. But she showed that is people privately decide what they want to do their sexuality so it is not erroneous to show it in fashion. Ms. Westwood explored a diversity of influences, from Serves porcelain to pornographic Greek scenes. The clothing reflected the inherent contradiction in Westwoods work between respect for tradition and culture and a love of parody and sexual liberty. She paired classical drapery with Prince of Wales check, Fair Isle sweaters with computer-game patterns, and designed articulated jackets and corsets with removable sleeves, inspired by medieval armour. Precise Miss Marple suits (after Agatha Christie) in thorn-proof Harris Tweed received a fillip with saucy tulle flounces. She teamed Savile Row-style jackets with nude tights with a fig leaf (Figure 4), creating something that shocked even herself: When I first did the fig leaf, in 1989, I just kept screaming. It was porno and so hilariously mad. Then I got used to it, and I think it looks so elegant and ironic. And she based this outrageous ensemble on fashion of around 1800 in which men wore flesh coloured breeches in a conscious emulation of classical statuary.Vivienne Westwood brings historical into modernHistorical 17th and 18th century are always Ms. Westwood s big element. She use these traditional elegant style dresses as the base , mix with her modern design to fit into todays lifestyle. In her interpretations of historical dress, Ms. Westwood emphasise the idea of constriction as a way to define the body and its movement and to direct posture. She explore historical costume and, from it, to develop a completely new range of clothes that would form her first catwalk collection in 1981. The Pirate collection (Figure 5) drew inspiration from historical mens clothing and became the look for the emergent New Romantics, while providing We stwood with a vastly expanded repertoire of styles of cutting and tailoring, construction, fabric design and manufacture, pattern, colour and texture. Later When Ms. Westwood was working in Italy from 1984 to 1986, she developed the crinoline idea as the Mini-Crini, abbreviating it as a provocative new shape in total contrast to the exaggerated shoulders and narrow hips of the prevailing style of power dressing. In Vivienne Westwoods Cut, Slash and Pull collection of 1991, (Figure 6) The inspiration for this collection lay in the historical technique of cutting textiles to create a decorative pattern. In the original garments, the slashes exposed bright silk underlinings, but here Westwood reveals bare skin. To give the passionate, masculine vitality that she so admired in Tudor portraits, she used denim with hand-cut gashes and frayed edges. For the lighter fabrics, she adapted a 4 broderie anglaise machine programme, omitting the embroidery but retaining the fine, regular cuts. To sum up, nothing is ever quite as it seems with British fashion designer Vivienne Westwood. She has eccentric personality, she is an icon of rebellion. And that make she become one of the highly influential designers today. Her design always stand out of other designer with its unique technic and style which head the world into Ms Westwoods fashion fantasyland.