Applied Psychological Perspectives Essay

The psychodynamic approach was associated with a man called Sigmund Freud, this man believed that the brain was split into 3 parts, just like an ice-burg. At the tip of the ice burg where everybody can see, is the â€Å"Conscious† part of the brain, this holds thoughts and perceptions. The â€Å"Pre Conscious† level is where memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in our mind but often let out, this holds memories and easily accessed knowledge. The unconscious level is where everything is under the surface and you would never dare to tell anyone other than yourself, this holds unacceptable sexual desires, irrational fears, violent urges, irrational fears, selfish needs and immoral urges. Freud believed that throughout life all of these levels are shown, and sometimes when we say something that we might never thought we would say, that is our unconscious level showing. Freud also said that the early experiences in life were the ones that made you who you were as an adult. If there is struggle throughout certain stages during your early life then this could result to an individual becoming stuck and could result in difficulties of personality traits which may explain some ones behaviour in later life. It is important to recognise that we may not be able to understand behaviours as the individual may not understand themselves what is causing their certain behaviour, the â€Å"psychodynamic therapy† helps to make a person examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that arise from past relationships and try to find the need and desire to be angry. The therapy usually lasts around 2 years as the therapy is a goal to change an aspect or someone’s identity or personality to resolve when the person was â€Å"stuck† in their childhood stages of development. The advantages of the psychodynamic approach is that it focuses on the cause of the problem rather then just given medicine and treating the symptoms of the patient, it focuses on the real problem that the patient has. It also builds a trusting relationship between a people, for example if someone had psychodynamic counselling the counsellor would make a trusting relationship with the person first, and this may make the person want to â€Å"open up† and discuss certain problems that they are having, this therefore is another advantage. The disadvantages of the approach is that the treatment for the approach can take many years to â€Å"fix† the problem and sometimes it may not possibly work. Also some people may find it harder to â€Å"open up† then others so again it can be very time consuming and at times difficult to try and solve a problem when you don’t know what the problem is. The humanistic approach looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual, it focuses on the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Abraham Maslow came up with â€Å"hierarchy of needs† this is a pyramid that involves things that we need to because our â€Å"self actualisation† which is the best that we can be. It starts with basic needs, then safety and security needs, love and emotion needs and then self esteem needs. We have self esteem which is how valuable we feel, the amount of esteem we provide ourselves with. Self-concept is the way in what we see ourselves, and self actualisation is being the best that we can be and achieving full potential. The humanistic approach would usually use treatments such as counselling but base it on something called â€Å"unconditional positive regard† this is to help an individual develop a more positive sense of self. This way, the person over time sees themselves as worthy. This approach would be good for aggression and addiction as it is helping the person to realise that they are worth something and could potentially help stop aggression and addiction. An advantage of the humanistic approach is that it looks at the person as a whole to try and resolve their problem by looking at them as a whole. The humanistic approach provides the foundations and uses active listening and helps in forming a relationship between 2 people. It in itself can enable self actualisation by using the core values (empathy, warmth, attentiveness, unconditional positive regard and genuineness) but other approaches such as CBT would speed up the process, therefore it in itself helps someone to have self esteem etc. The disadvantage of this approach is that there has not been that much evidence of success. Also, the humanistic approach says that each student has their own â€Å"learning style† and the teacher should use this learning style for each independent person, however these learning styles and their evaluations tend to be very unorganised and unwieldy. The social learning approach believes that our behaviour is taught. According to the social learning theory, role models are very important. For example, if we watch someone that we love behaving in a particular way, we are more likely to feel that we have to act like the person is acting. Although this is just an example of what can change our behaviour, groups of people may also change our behaviour but also culture and society could change our behaviour, for example values, norms, language, customs and practices of groups. Also the role that we are in may change our behaviour because of the people around us. This theory therefore is good as the treatment provides positive role models for people that may have got caught up in bad role models, which is why I have chosen it for aggression and addiction, as if you surround these people with good role models they may believe to start believing them selves and come off their addiction and stop being so angry. The advantages of social learning is that it looks at the behaviour of someone as being â€Å"taught† this includes; shyness, optimism, confidence etc. The social learning approach looks at peoples behaviour in detail and this really helps us to understand why people act in the way that they do, so it is helpful as it explains why and where these behaviours have been learnt from (trace its origin). The disadvantages are that it is quite time consuming and does not always cure certain behaviours or illnesses, it also tries to face certain things to overcome their certain behaviour, for example take a person addicted to alcohol, they would give someone alcohol but mix it with a drug which, when mixed with alcohol would lead to sickness, making the person not want to consume alcohol again – but it can be very stressful for that individual and it is also very dangerous. Also not everyone copies someone else’s behaviour so having a good role model not might make a difference, and a person with anger may get angrier by having a happy, bubbly person around them all of the time. The biological approach says that a child is born with a set of genetic instructions passed down from its parents. Cognitive, physical and other development processes unfold over time. It is nothing to do with the environment that we live in. I have particularly chosen the biological approach for â€Å"addiction† as I believe that a lot of people that have been addicted (mostly to drugs and alcohol) usually need medicine to just help them slowly come off of their addiction as well as having over therapies along side. For example, a person that is taking heroin would take the biological approach and be given â€Å"methadone† this is a drug that slowly is introduced to someone that is addicted to heroin and they slowly come off of the heroin and start to take the methadone on its own. I think the biological approach is very helpful in some cases but along side with other approaches. An advantage of the biological approach is that is makes use of scientific and experimental procedures in its investigations and it also strongly supports the nature-nurture debate. The disadvantages is that it doesn’t look so much at how the environment and socialisation affects behaviour and life factors. It believes that everything is to do with the way our genes are and the environment etc will not affect this – we are who we are when we are born and this maps out how we are going to be for the future.

How does Priestley present the character of Mr. Birling in the opening of the play?

Mr. Birling is presented as arrogant and a social climber through the stage directions at the start of the play. He is described at the start, in the stage directions, as a â€Å"heavy-looking, rather portentous man in his middle fifties but rather provincial in his speeches. † This implies that Birling is a man who was born in the countryside and that he is not from a very important background. This shows that because of Birling’s history, he’s a pompous man and he tries to show everybody how important he actually is; this is because of how his status used to be when he was growing up as a child.Priestley also conveys Mr. Birling as a pitiful social climber through what he says and his mannerisms at the start of the play. Priestley shows that Birling is aware of the people who are his social superiors, which is why he shows off about the port to Gerald, â€Å"it is exactly the same port your father gets. † He is proud that he is likely to be knighted, as this would move him even higher in the social circles. He claims that the party â€Å"is one of the happiest nights of my life. † This is not only because Sheila will be happy, but also because a merger with Crofts Limited will be good for his business.Through this Priestley presents Mr. Birling as selfish and very self-centered, showing that he only cares about himself and his business. Priestley does this to show that all capitalists were similar to Birling as they too only cared about their social status at the time. The use of dramatic irony in Mr. Birling’s speech presents him as foolish and Priestley is clearly mocking capitalist values. Priestley sets the play in 1912 because that year was before a lot of significant historical events took place. This makes it easy for Priestley to use dramatic irony to display Mr. Birling’s arrogance and foolishness.He confidently states that â€Å"nobody wants war† and that it will never happen, and he has great faith that the â€Å"unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable† ship Titanic will never sink. Priestley’s use of the repetition of the adjective â€Å"unsinkable† further accentuates Mr. Birling’s arrogance. Obviously all these things really did occur much to the amusement of the 1945 audience, who now know not to take Mr. Birling as an intelligent, thoughtful person. Overall Priestley uses the character of Mr. Burling as a representative of capitalism, showing that capitalists were foolish and arrogant, just like Mr. Birling.

Dubai Metro Case Study

Course Name: Fundamentals of Project Management Project Topic: Dubai Metro Analysis Submission Date: 19th April 2013 Submitted By: Ayaz Tariq (128403) / Syed Jamaluddin (105807) Table of Content 1)Summary of Project: Dubai Metro a)Why Dubai Metro was initiated b)Why we selected Dubai Metro 2)Preliminary Project Scope of Dubai Metro 3)Stakeholders of Dubai Metro 4)Dubai Metro Project Possible Constraints i)Resource Constraints ii)Delivery Constraints iii)Environmental Constraints iv)Budgetary Constraints v)Functionality Constraints )Dubai Metro Risk Analysis i)Political Risks ii)Environmental Risks iii)Security Risks iv)Social Risks v)Technology Risks vi)Legal Risks vii)Economical Risks 6)Dubai Metro Budget & Cost Analysis a)Different kind of costs variables involved b)How was budget estimated of Dubai Metro 7)Project Scheduling Analysis a)Sample Activity Network for Metro Station b)Different kind of activities with sample c)Different kind of Activities Lags in Dubai Metro d)How Gantt Chart / AON / AOA can be used for Dubai Metro 1)Summary of Project: – Dubai MetroThe Dubai Metro is fully automatic trains mean no drivers in City of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. There are two lines which are currently operational categorized as Red Line and Green Line, However extension of this project includes around 4 More Lines and extension of existing 2 lines as well which is currently under construction expecting to finish by 2030. Dubai Metro opens at September 9 2009, Dubai Ruler His Highness Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum is the founder of Dubai Metro, the. Giving convenience to people of Dubai during rush hours, around 1. Million passengers uses Dubai metro in its first month of operations and everyone were pretty satisfied as the services was matching the level of their expectations, Today many people in Dubai use Dubai Metro as a means of transportation. a)Why Dubai Metro Was Initiated? The combination of rapidly growing population expected to reach 3 Mil lion by 2017 a severe traffic jam prompted the government to build public transit rail system, with 87 trains and nearly 50 miles of track the Dubai Metro is the world longest Automatic Trail System. b)Why We Selected Dubai Metro?We saw this project as a skunk work and Dubai metro is one of the largest emirate’s infrastructure project in more than a decade, world largest automated driverless train system mentioned by Guinness world record as well which we can study various project management aspects of it. 2)Preliminary Project Scope of Dubai Metro: – While looking into Preliminary Project Scope of Dubai metro we identify following major points which was base of Dubai Metro Project The Dubai Metro will be driverless, fully automated metro network. It will be the longest fully automated rail system in the world when it opens.It will be having four lines (Blue, Green, Red and Purple) after completion Dubai metro will be having 70 kilometers of lines and 47 stations inclu ding 9 underground stations. 3)Stakeholders of Dubai Metro:- Internal Stakeholders Top ManagementDubai Road & Transport Authority Project Management & EngineersSystra and Parsons Corporation External Stakeholders ClientsUAE Residential & Visitors CompetitorsOther countries who supports tourism SuppliersMitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Corporation, Obayashi Corporation, Kajima Corporation and Turkish firm Yap?Merkezi 4)Dubai Metro Project Possible Constraints:- Dubai metro is one of the unique projects of its kind which lead to many types of constraints which could have cause this project delay in time and has affected the cost of project as well. We have tried to find out possible constraints of Dubai Metro. i)Resource Constraints (1)Each metro station was following a same architecture design which should have been explained to all engineers and any change or fix in one should’ve updated in all, it was perfectly handle by Project managers. 2)Training of each worker to get quality and similarity between each metro station. ii)Delivery Constraints (1)Metro service being an automated service to public should be properly testing in all kind of safety measures which could’ve cause delay in delivery. (2)There is no time limit on approving cycle and reviewing of technical specification of metro. iii)Environmental Constraints (1)Approvals of higher management in case of their unavailability could’ve cause delays in delivery. (2)Launching of any metro station depends on successfully completion of its previous station. iv)Budgetary Constraints 1)Initial estimated cost never considers any changes in requirement which happened in Dubai Metro Project. Project was as per scheduled but over budgetary cost shot up by 80 per cent from the original AED 15. 5 billion to AED 28 billion. v)Functionality Constraints (1)Dubai metro also faced problem in unclear scope of its specification and design, Official said that they attributed the increase in expen diture to the major changes in the scope and design of the project. 5)Dubai Metro Risk Analysis:- We have analyze different kind of risk that could be involved in Dubai Metro a)Political Risks )Stability of Dubai Government, Change Government Policies, and Probability is Low on scale but can affect a lot on Project. ii)War & Terrorism b)Environmental Risks i)Ecology ii)International environmental issues iii)National environmental issues iv)Local environmental issues v)Environmental regulations vi)Organizational culture vii)Staff morale and attitudes c)Social Risks i)Population growth and demographics. ii)Health, education and social mobility of the population iii)Consumer attitudes iv)Advertising and media v)National and regional culture vi)Lifestyle choices and attitudes to these. ii)Levels of health and education viii)Major events ix)Socio-cultural changes. d)Technology Risks i)Impact of new technologies. ii)Inventions and innovations iii)The internet and how it affects working an d business iv)Licensing and patents v)Research funding and Development. e)Legal Risks i)Home legislation ii)International legislation iii)Employment law iv)New laws v)Regulatory bodies vi)Environmental regulation vii)Industry-specific regulations viii)Consumer protection f)Economical Risks i)Stage of business cycle. ii)Current and projected economic growth iii)International trends v)Job growth v)Inflation and interest rates. vi)Unemployment and labor supply. vii)Levels of disposable income across economy and income distribution. viii)Globalization. ix)Likely changes to the economic environment. 6)Dubai Metro Budget & Cost Analysis a)Different kind of costs variables involved b)How was budget estimated of Dubai Metro 7)Project Scheduling Analysis a)Sample Activity Network for Metro Station b)Different kind of activities with sample c)Different kind of Activities Lags in Dubai Metro d)How Gantt Chart / AON / AOA can be used for Dubai Metro

Over-education in the graduate labour market (Researched Literature Essay

Over-education in the graduate labour market (Researched Literature Review) - Essay Example The universities and the government have thus a responsibility to institute policies to reduce the rising incidence of over-education and its effects. Higher education in the UK has expanded in the last three decades and the trend continues. Policy makers justify this expansion on two rationales. First, it is important to meet the high-skill labour requirements of a knowledge economy and second, to add opportunities in education and, consequently, employment for groups that have been under-represented in higher education in the past (Wilton, 2011). Although this expansion is beneficial in many aspects, there have been no adequate attempts to ascertain the capacity of the economy to absorb the increasing numbers of graduates from the various fields of education, hence resulting into a phenomenon where the demand for labour is unable to keep pace with the supply. Ultimately, some graduates end up getting employment in jobs that do not match their educational qualification. Such workers are overeducated in the labour market (Dolton and Silles, 2008). There is a broad body of evidence for the existence of over-education in the UK grad uate labour market and its incidental effects. Some years back, the discrepancy between graduate and non-graduate level jobs was very conspicuous in the UK. University graduates, usually, entered into traditional graduate careers such as medicine and Law or got recruited onto graduate management training programs with prestigious firms. However, in the recent past the graduate market has become more complex especially because of advancements such as rising global competition and development in technology, which demand that the workforce should be more skilled to fit in the current job market. Thus, jobs that in the past did not require a degree now demand a degree, resulting to expansion of higher education as more people enroll to acquire degrees hence bringing about competition

The social role of magazines is as uncertain as their commercial basis Essay

The social role of magazines is as uncertain as their commercial basis - Essay Example Over the years, there have been reports of increasing demands among customers regarding a certain extent of control and influence over their media experiences as the media and technology industries have compelled them to do so. At present, digital formats can enable readers to easily navigate and establish interactions with the magazine content. Publishers have increased their ability in retaining the design conformity of a typical print magazine and, at the same, integrate the dimension of interactivity which attracts readers and generates a more engaging and dynamic experience (Machin and Thornborrow, 2003). In addition, the engagement of advertisements can also be enhanced owing to this digital resolution. However, there is still an increasing concern as to how magazines can retain their readers, establish and sustain effective brands, and increase profitability. Therefore, a number of factors must be emphasized, including brand awareness as well as the engagement of customers and their intentions to purchase. This paper will then focus on how readers relate to the magazine as a brand and how this process can influence their recall of the brand along with their intentions of purchasing such publications. Opportunities from the use of the new media have been recognized; if publishing will strongly depend on effective content delivery, consequently, the conventional print format will experience considerable threat. Retail wastage along with excessive reliance on distribution through newsstands has been associated with such format in the United States and in a number of European countries (Al-Olayan and Karande, 2000). On the other hand, the new delivery of media content has offered publishers and companies various opportunities; for instance, it helps reduce waste similar to the advantages of subscriptions, and provides real time interactivity between the readers and content. Such immediate interaction with these readers often entails a considerable culture ch ange which brand owners and manufacturers should effectively carry out to retain their readers. Finally, online publishers increase their ability in become a search engine with which a magazine site can help direct their readers to the source of information which they are seeking, implying that their magazine fits the readers’ lifestyle. Owing to the fact the online market has continued to present increased choices, one of the most crucial actors for success when using the new media is brand image (Vargo and Lusch, 2004). Many publishers have recognized that the branding concept is a solution to the threats of the new media. On the whole, the customers’ awareness of a certain product, also characterized as their ability to think back to it, has typically been viewed as a crucial factor that determines their choice of purchase. However, others have underestimated the advantages that branding can provide by overlooking the usage of new media or considering such as a non- profit platform, similar to the free supply of magazines during events. The fact that numerous publishers have been offering their magazine content for free through the Internet can bring about risks for these firms. As branding has been increasingly deemed as an important component for magazine publishers, this emphasizes the traditional role of these publications in the society, which is to bring together

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Management - Essay Example Rents, Charges, Interests and others make up three percent of its funding (Smith, 2008). Of the total fund generated from various sources: seventy percent is spent on Salaries and Wages; twelve percent is provisioned for the employer contribution to the pension fund; another twelve percent is spent on operating expenses and six percent is for Capital Financing Charges (Smith, 2008). Fiscal governance coverage is in accordance with the Code of Practice on Local Authority Accounting in the United Kingdom (SORP Committee, 2010). CIPFA Code of Practice dictates that in cases of conflict the legislative requirements shall apply in financial governance (Chartered Institute of Public Finance & Accountancy, 2010). National non-domestic rates account for approximately eighteen percent of the total local authority income (Information Centre Scotish Parliament, 1999). Therefore, only about 9 percent of the National non-domestic rate income of the local authority finances the Fire and Rescue eff orts of local governments. While every district including the two cities of Manchester and Salford only contributes a total of 3.3 percent each to the operational expense of the Fire and Rescue Authority (Smith, 2008). Risk mitigation includes the following: disaster recovery, contingency plan, emergency response, business continuity. Fire and Rescue only covers emergency response. From a financial point of view to invest more than eleven percent for emergency response alone may not maximize the value of money considering the other area of risk mitigation that would include disaster recovery, contingency planning and business continuity. However, risk and security challenges have become increasingly complex because as we plan for protection and face a multitude of threats in a rapidly changing environment, we must expect the unexpected, while staying within our budgets (Purpura, 2008). There is an underlying importance in emergency response that is to prevent the emergency escalatin g into a disaster, then to a catastrophe, then to a tragedy (Alexander, 2002). The key has always been prevention and in this case the prevention of an emergency to escalate into another level. One of the key performance indicators of the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue A

Final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final assignment - Essay Example The amount of arable farmland in China continues to decline sharply even as the region faces yet another problem, which is water shortage (Imura 93). This paper will examine some of the ways China is trying to curb the recent trends, and what it might mean to the future of the region if these techniques do not work. In order to be an economic powerhouse, the country has to have its affairs in order so as to be able to control most of what it imports into the region. The fact that arable farmland is diminishing and water shortages are becoming rife, the region may soon be faced with problems its citizens or government may not be fully equipped to handle. A recent report by the Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, Zhang Ping, indicates that the severe shortages of the reserve farmlands and water resources present the biggest challenges to ensuring food security for the region. Urbanization that is considered to be rather rapid and natural disasters are said to be among the top reasons why the region is losing cultivatable or arable land, thus; making it a herculean task to save the remaining percentage of land that is still cultivatable (Imura 97). China’s National Bureau of Statistics indicates that China is responsible for 20pc of the globe’s population. However, only 7pc of this has been recorded as cultivatable land. It goes on to claim that; of the over 130 million hectares of arable land that was present in China in 1996, there was only a little over 120 million hectares left by the year 2008. Bank of America has, unfortunately, claimed that China has already bypassed the 120 million hectare mark, meaning that only 115 million will be available by the year 2015. China, at the moment, can only boast of having less than 5 million hectares of land as reserve farmland (Imura 101). Further statistics by an agricultural consultancy firm indicate that there is need to maintain or preserve the remaining 120 million

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Law - Essay Example Police involvement is seen as necessary in cases of murder, child abuse and obvious injustice, but in terms of everyday activities, youth perceive that police do not take the time to properly assess the situation before jumping to a conclusion and that they should be walking the streets more rather than driving around in cars. The research suggests stories among young people regarding what good policing might be are rare while stories regarding what bad policing is are very common. Both recognize communication might be an answer to improving the relationship, but little opportunities are forthcoming. Book 2 – Arlacchi, P. (1998) ‘Some Observations on illegal Markets’ in Ruggiero, V. South, N. and Taylor, L. The New European Criminology. Crime and Social Order in Europe (London/New York: Routledge), pp 203- 215 Laws defining illegal products and services began to be developed as a reaction to the slave and opium trades in the 18th century. With the introduction of these laws, there has been increased activity in illegal markets as profit rates for these items have jumped. Illegal markets share many of the same attributes with legal markets and consists of two main components: the competitive sector and the oligopolistic sector who has the ability to combine economic, political and military resources. Where illegal markets differ is in the frequent presence of multifaceted organizational entities, high transaction costs that foster invisible exchange networks and the absence of a formal apparatus that works to ensure transactions are handled smoothly. This activity depends on available capital, violence and inaction on the part of enforcing agencies. These criminal networks are hidden in commercial diasporas, communication links created by extensive migration and power networks. Corruption becomes possible when an agent, a principal and a third party whose gains and losses depend upon the agent come together.

Premartial Cohabitation and Marital Instability Essay

Premartial Cohabitation and Marital Instability - Essay Example Conflicts would then arise after several weeks when both discover that their assumptions are different and they have differences on views about certain issues. These differences in views can result in arguments and emotional conflicts which were not expected during the period of courtship. According to Markman (1993) "The reality is that while couples may seem to get along "OK" and while a man and woman may be "in love," it takes more than love to build a lasting, satisfying marriage. It takes an understanding of each other and of the dynamics of intimate relationships as well as the ability to effectively use relationship skills. Couples that participate in marriage preparation seem to have a higher degree of marital satisfaction and a lower divorce rate." There are many beliefs that give false assurance to couples that their marriage would work out in the long run. Those who cohabitate before marriage believe that having lived together gives them an edge in their relationship, perhaps knowing as much about themselves and their partners even prior to exchanging vows. However, research has shown that couples who have lived together have higher chances of divorcing. The reasons for this are not well understood but it is possible that people who are willing to live together are also more willing to get divorced. Evidence shows that cohabitation also develops attitudes which make people more receptive to divorce, such as the attitude that the relationship is temporary and can be dissolved (DeMaris and Rao 2000). Other believe that having children strengthens relationships. Studies have shown that the most stressful period in marriage is after the first child is born. Although couples who have children together have decreased risk of getting divorced, the decrease in the risk factor is only much lower than the time when parents were more likely to stay within the marriage "for the sake of the children" (Pape 1992). It is also believed that children who grew up in broken homes are more cautious about marital relationships and are strongly determined to avoid the possibility of divorce. It is popularly believed that those from broken homes lead successful married lives similar to those who come from intact families. However, studies show that there is a higher rate of divorce among children from broken homes than those from intact families. An explanation to this is that children learn about marital commitment and stability from their parents and those who come from broken homes have their sense of commitment and permanence compromised by their parents' divorce (Amato 2001). According to Gottman, professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle, it is what is considered "mundane" in life that creates the love in marriage. The connections established by couples in the numerous "mindless" moments result in positive emotional climates. Gottman published his findings after 14 years following 670 couples and monitoring their bodily responses using video cameras and sensors. He can somehow predict whether a couple would stay together or separate after a 30-minute interview (Marano, 1997). Dr. David Schnarch, who together with his wife Dr. Ruth Morehouse, describes their counselling practice: "Our approach focuses on people's adult strengths rather than their childhood wounds because what's good and solid in us is

Native American Spiritual Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native American Spiritual Artwork - Essay Example Similarly, the beautifully art-worked moccasin foot ware of Cherokee tribe are also seen as something sacred and this is evident when in a poem, the Native American man sings, â€Å"I put them on. I walked sacred on the land† (Williams et al., 31). On the performance side also, it can be seen that Native American dance is not simply an art form or a mode of entertainment but is deeply embedded with spiritualism (Sun Dance). Dance even becomes a form of prayer for these tribes (Sun Dance). In this way, â€Å"American art provides a mean for people to connect to the sacred† (Zimmerman, 94). It is observed that â€Å"animism† is the prevalent common theme of all Native American art (Dagan). The spiritual meaning of animism is a belief that â€Å"all things (in this world) are in unity† with each other (Dagan). Animism is also considered as the â€Å"oldest spiritual perspective in the world† (Dagan). The visualization of animism in Native Indian art ca n be seen as â€Å"spirals or zigzag lines† in paintings and carvings (Dagan). An interesting aspect of Native American art is that a spiritual experience is what ends up as an art work for a tribesman (Zimmerman, 94). Zimmerman has given an example for this when he said, â€Å"a dream might reveal to the artist a design for a warrior’s shield or part of a dancer’s regalia† (94).... It was a spiritual retreat in which a large number of participants would fast, pray and dance for a period of days. They asked for answers to events going on in their lives† (Sun Dance). Half-man-half –beast images are also part of this spiritual philosophy (Dagan). It is these spiritual creatures that are supposed to guide the shaman through the path between the two worlds (Dagan). The same figures can be seen in the paintings, carvings and performance arts of Native Americans (Dagan). While exploring Native American performance art, it has to be kept in mind that â€Å"Native American dance is meant to channel spiritual energies or reanimate ancient stories that can be caused to re-appear in the world today† (Dagan). A magical web, the dream catcher, is yet another figure that appears in many forms of Native American art (Dagan). Also, the wolf being a sacred animal for Native Americans, it has gained a place in Indian art as well (Dagan). Apart from these commo n themes, there are different concepts of art and spirituality prevalent among different Indian tribes. For example, many â€Å"clan crests, songs, stories, (and) regalia (hats, blankets, tunics etc.) and clan houses† are considered ‘at.o?ow’ by Tlingit clan thereby wiping out the difference between what is art and what is mundane (Willaims et al., 139). The borders of physical and spiritual worlds thus overlap. An at.o?ow is a clan property that has social and spiritual importance (Williams et al., 139). From this example, it can be seen that traditional artworks as well as art forms like songs and stories have a spiritual role in Native American culture. Similarly, in the Pueblo community, the embroidery done by traditional weavers

Why are Underdeveloped Countries Underdeveloped Essay

Why are Underdeveloped Countries Underdeveloped - Essay Example Yet development lags and some are arguing that the traditional means of attempting to spur development in these places simply does not work. The wisdom of direct relief payments and loans is being questioned. There appears to be a â€Å"giving† fatigue that is setting in amongst the wealthiest individuals, governments and organizations. The feeling that no amount of money can really spur true development in the poorest nations is disheartening, but real. Some scholars are suggesting that the root causes of the lack of development must first be addressed before real development can take place. The economic geographer Paul Collier suggests that there are four traps that developing nations fall into that keeps them in a perpetual state of underdevelopment and poverty (2007). The problem of eliminating poverty on the national and personal level then, is much more complicated as a result of these traps when considered individually or collectively. Nations that continue to struggle to meet the most basic demands of their citizens despite ample aid are hampered by conflicts and civil wars; corrupt governments, a dependence on natural resources for revenue and unfortunate geographical positioning. Conflict is the first and most prevalent trap that developing nations find themselves facing. Civil wars are common among the poorest nations for several reasons. One stems from the fact that in the poorest nations, there is always a political elite that concentrates wealth in the hands of the very few. This disparity, coupled with high unemployment rates among young men creates a situation where individuals view armed conflict as a legitimate means of accomplishing social justice (Hookway, 2000). Rebels in the Philippines were emboldened after European nations paid large sums of money to free hostages they had taken. Soon, many were scrambling to join the rebels, not because they were ideologically opposed to the current regime in Manila, but because they wanted to ca sh in on kidnapping tourists. As will be discussed later, the wealth of natural resources is also something that spurs conflict. Precious metals and minerals are often the target of rebel forces in developing nations. The real purpose of many civil wars in developing nations is for control of oil wells or diamond mines. The unequal opportunities for obtaining wealth in the developing world makes armed conflict very attractive to unemployed young men. The costs of warfare are felt for many years after the war is over. Some estimates state that on average, an economy shrinks at about 2.3% each year during a civil war (Collier and Hoeffler, 2005). If the conflict continues for a decade, the country will be 23% poorer than when the strife continued. With economies that grow slowly as a result of underdevelopment, the poorest nations may be looking at a decade of growth being consumed by the conflict. The propensity of fall back into armed conflict only heightens the effects of conflict on developing nations. A second trap that keeps the poorest nations poor is depending on resource extraction and exports for a large portion of national income. The more diverse the national economy, the more able the economy is to resist recession (Kirk, 1997). Diverse economies have been linked to greater political and economic stability. Depending on one commodity, such as oil or gold, is risky because it exposes the nation to boom and bust cycles. A good example of this was experienced in Nigeria. The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta was thought to be a great boon to Nigeria. Development activities began in earnest in the 1970’

Critically reflect on my managerial role within my job Essay Example for Free

Critically reflect on my managerial role within my job Essay 1. Introduction With the development of society and economics, our world has become much more complex and changeful than years before. Todays managers have to be very sensitive to the changing of the environment, to understand and cope with the diversity of the world. As a result, the role management plays in private sector as well as public sector has become more and more important, both theoretically and practically. Elements of management could be found as early as in the building construction of the Pyramids in ancient Egypt. However, great progress has been made since last century in the study of management. The theories of management vary from culture to culture, from generation to generation. The following report is my understanding towards the principles of management and a reflection of my own managerial roles at work, referring to Mintzbergs ten principles. 2. About management theory The first theory of management was delivered by Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, in 1916. He defined management as to manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control(Mc Ilwee T. and Roberts I., 1991, p.117). The other important management theories, such as Elton Mayos human relations movement, Max Webers idealized bureaucracy, and Henry Mintzbergs ten principles on management, have emerged subsequently. Here, I mainly want to introduce Henry Mintzbergs ten principles on management. * What is it? Henry Mintzbergs ten roles management theory was based on the study of five chief executives and a few others managers real lives. He described what he had seen as the roles a manager play, which were called ten principles on management. The ten roles are divided into three groups: interpersonal, informational, and decisional (see Figure 1). Figure 1 The Ten Managerial Roles The three interpersonal roles are radically considered the interpersonal relationships. In the figurehead role, the manager represents the organization in all matters of formality. Duties that involve inter personal roles may sometimes be routine, Nevertheless, they are important to the smooth functioning of an organization and cannot be ignored by the manager (Mintzberg H., 1989, p.15-16). The leader role defines the relationships between the manger and employees. In the liaison role, the manger maintains information links both inside and outside organization. The interpersonal roles make the managers more easily accept information. Thus, the three informational roles are primarily concerned with the information aspects of managerial work. The processing of information is a key part of the managers job (Mintzberg H, 1989, p.18). In the monitor role, the manager acts as the nerve centre for the organisation, receiving the latest, most concrete, most up-to-date information. In the role of disseminator, the manager transmits special information into the organization. In the role of spokesperson, the manager disseminates the organizations information into its environment. Information is not, of course, and end in itself; it is the basic input to decision-making (Mintzberg H., 1989, p.19). The decisional roles make significant use of the information. The unique access to information places the manager at the centre of organisational decision-making. There are four decisional roles. In the entrepreneur role, the manager tries to improve their organization by seeking effective ways of using resources and technologies. In the disturbance handler role, the manger resolves unexpected problems that threaten organizational goals. In the resource-allocating role, the manager decides how organizational resources will be used to meet planned objectives. In the negotiator role, the manager negotiates on behalf of the organization. Although the Mntzbergs ten managerial roles are described individually, they are hardly separated. No role can be pulled out of the framework and the job be left intact (Mintzberg H., 1989, p.19). So we should consider the Mntzbergs ten managerial roles as both interactive and integrated. * Why do I choose it? There are many definitions of management, and most of them are relatively concise and simplistic. However, management is a complex process much more complex than this simple definition leads us to believe (Griffin R. W., 1999, p.4). Although there are several other major approaches and theories that exist, such as the human resources, quantitative, and systems approaches, I believe that their impact on the management basics is not as greatly felt as that of the works of Mintzberg. Mintzberg focused on what the managers job and life is really like, applied the folklore and fact to managers, and got the ten managerial roles theory. Compared with other management theories, Mintzbergs work is considered as the best reflection of the practice in the real manager life, which analyses the managerial roles comprehensively. Many of them can be found in todays management ideas and practices. In addition, Mintzberg regards the ten roles as a whole, which makes us more easier understand the pro cess of management. 3. Critically reflect on managerial role within my work I worked in Liaoning Provincial Financial Bureau, taking charge of government procurement. Although I am not at the position of manager yet, I actually shoulder the equivalent responsibilities in the administration of work. Most of the ten managerial roles, which Mintzberg had mentioned in his article, were involved in my daily work. In addition, these roles do not exist separately, they connect with each other. Here is an illustration of my managerial roles at work with regard to Mintzbergs theory (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Firstly, the interpersonal roles help me get more useful information. With no title manager, the figurehead role seldom occurs in my work. But I actually perform the leader role. I should set goals and make plans to decide how the process of government procurement to be arranged. In the three interpersonal roles, I think the liaison role is the basic role in my work. From my personal experience, if I want to provide better services, I must contact with people both inside and outside. For example, I need make contacts outside to learn what the public sectors, which I am in charge of, want to buy this year, and then decide how government procurement can be arranged. In addition, I must connect with my colleagues to learn the other public sectors demands. In this stage, the communication is important. Communication is the exchange of information, facts, ideas, and meanings. Good communication is vital in organisations and lies at the heart of effective management. How to achieve effective communication? I conclude the following principles according to my work experience. Know what your objective is, Analyse situation, Use effective communication tools, such as mail, phone calls, meetings, etc., Make sure you understand what the others say properly. Secondly, the informational roles are the main constitution of my work. Everyday I seek and receive a great deal of information through interpersonal roles (monitor role), and then forward information to other organization members (disseminator role), and furthermore transmit information to outsiders (spokesman role). For example, I collect information from the suppliers and buyers, and then discuss this information with my colleagues. Afterward, I must pass on clear and definitive information to outside people who concern about it. In this stage, it is important for me to distinguish different kinds of information. Because I receive a great deal of information both internally and externally every day, I must tell immediately the informal information from those formal ones, so as to get precise and useful information for users both inside and outside. It is essential to establish a steady and efficient channel to achieve a free information flow. Thirdly, the decisional roles are the most important roles in my work. Of four decisional roles, I spend more time in the disturbance handler and negotiation role. I must deal with all the questions from suppliers and buyers, and coordinate among them. Sometimes, I get them together and make trade-off to get a win-win solution in some difficult transaction. From my work experience, I conclude that the ability to analyze, interpret, and solve problems becomes increasingly important for managers. It is crucial for managers to see the organization as a whole and the relationships among its various levels and visualize ways to make the organization more efficient and effective. These abilities are essential to effective decision-making. How to achieve effective decision-making? It depends on many factors. Quality of information, which you have received, is the key element of decision-making. In addition, the skill of disturbance handler and negotiation will help you achieve effective decision-making. 4. Conclusion We have learned lots of management theories. Mintzbergs ten managerial roles are the synthesis of theory and practice. It is helpful for management work. But I think we should pay more attention to practice of management. We should synthesize our own methods and habits that are suitable for our own area. It will eventually make the public administration more effective and efficient. Reference * Griffin R. W., (1999) Management, 6th .ed., Houghton Mifflin. * Mc Ilwee T., Roberts, I. (1991) Human Resourse Management. * Mintzberg H., (1989) Mintzberg On Management: Inside Our Strange World of Organizations, London: Collier Macmillan Publisher.

Role Of Registered Nurses In Ambulatory Care Setting

Role Of Registered Nurses In Ambulatory Care Setting The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Lewins change theory in introduction of modified role of Registered Nurses in ambulatory care. In particular, discussion will focus on role change from coordinating role to clinical role while utilising Lewins theory of transitional change. BACKGROUND Lewins theory of change was implemented to bring innovations in traditional roles of nurses at ambulatory care by introducing an ambulatory care nursing conceptual framework adopted by AAACN/ANA in 1998. Three main roles were introduced, clinical role, professional role and organization/system role. Nurses capacity buildings by professional and clinical education, empowerment and role and assignment modifications were key strategies to achieve this change. CONCLUSION: The change process is greatly enhanced by the application of a logical process through the identification of a problem, development of an implementation plan and clear monitoring and evaluation at all stages. The choice of a suitable change model/theory aided the course of development of role of ambulatory care RNs, which was visibly noted in the project with use of Lewins (1951) theory of transitional change. Developing the role of Registered Nurses in ambulatory care setting: A change management project AIMS: The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of change process implementation in lieu of Lewins theory of transitional change to implement new roles of RNs in ambulatory care setting. INTRODUCTION: The concept of change may simply be defined as to make or become different (Mc Leod and Hanks, 1982, p. 72). Change is an inevitable phenomenon of the universe. For evolutionary purpose as well nothing remains constant. Change brings new life and energy in the existing systems which otherwise can be redundant over period of time. Baulcomb (2003) said that planned change represents an intentional attempt to improve operational and managerial effectiveness. The transition of changing from one practice to another is never easy. The literature stresses that the effective management of change includes empowering the people involved in the change and not utilizing an autocratic or top-down approach (Crotty 1996, Baileff 2000). However, it has been a common observation that usually change projects are forced from higher management to the employees which many time results either in unsuccessful project outcome or dissatisfaction of the employees. Ulrich, et al (2002) said that two thirds of quality projects fail because of the prevailing culture and the resistance of the people to change. (p. 211). Therefore, any successful change project requires honest commitment from leadership which leads the team with courage and motivation. Schifalacqua and Costello (2009) said: It is important that management practices are aligned to support and reinforce the change, such as clinical systems, staffing, and rewards. The changing of systems and structures are vital to lasting change. (p. 27). Todays healthcare is very different from what it was a just a decade ago. It has taken a shape of an industry/business which is growing at an incredible speed. This fast paced growth keeps the healthcare managers on toe to meet the challenges of rapidly changing world around them. Ferrara-Love (1997) said: Health care is not immune from the impact of change, and is still in its infancy of downsizing, mergers, and corporate buyoutsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The changes health care is experiencing are not unique, but are reflective of changes in society. (p. 12). This can explicitly be seen today where everyone wants to have cost containment due to which institutional level changes are made at a rapid pace. Healthcare industry is not an exclusion from this change phenomenon, which many times put the employees at stress that may affect their work performance as well. Factors that can affect change also include: the attitudes of people, lack of perceived support during the change process, worker reluctance or resistance to change, lack of consideration of attitudes and beliefs of staff, fear, anxiety, uncertainty and loss of control (Crotty 1996, Telles 1996, Willmot 1998, Baileff 2000, Carney 2000, Tingle 2002). Any change process requires utilization of resources in terms of human, finance, and material; hence the change process needs frequent monitoring and evaluation for its applicability and effectiveness. Schifalacqua and Costello (2009) said the transition of moving from one practice change to another is never easy, and the people side of change is a dominant aspect that needs to be incorporated into the overall implementation plan. (p. 27). This can be seen in daily routines as people get accustomed to the practices over a period of time and usually it is difficult to change the practice which they ingrain in their daily lives. Hence, the successful change implementation depends upon the communication and shared values between the team members responsible for the change. Therefore, one should not expect a successful change to be implemented overnight. This requires thorough planning, critical thinking and engagement of relevant stakeholders which requires energy, dedication, time commitment and mutual respect between two parties that is the change agent and the client. Smith-Bla and Bradle (1999) said: Although health care organizational change is a constant phenomenon, little is understood as to how staff experiences this change. Unsuccessful change efforts have suggested the possible important relationship between understanding staffs experience and improved results. (p.340) This is a vital consideration to be taken into account by change management leaders as healthcare is growing at an incredible pace; the demand and supply ratio needs to be balanced by implementing innovative change strategies which should be cost effective as well as user friendly. If the clients input is not considered then the leaders might not be able to have a successful outcome from a change process which they might desire. BACKGROUND: The subject of change is not new. Poggenpoel (1992) affirms that change may lead to real innovation, providing abundant opportunities for creating a better way forward. This is particularly true in healthcare setting. Todays evidence based medicine and evidence based nursing practices primarily bring innovation and change in the field of health sciences which ultimately help in improving quality of life whether of patients in specific or society in general. However, the process of leading successful change requires effective communication, wide participation, facilitation and manipulating different interests towards the agreed goal (McLaren and Ross, 2000). Successful change cannot be a one man show and needs team effort which cannot occur without effective communication between team members who need to work with mutual understanding towards shared vision. The ambulatory clinics are an integral part of any hospital; clinics are the bridge between the hospital and the community, and are utilized as a pre-hospitalization center. Null and Bonser (1997) stressed: The outpatient /ambulatory services can be a vital stage in many patient journeys. It may be a patients only place in the hospital setting where they visit on continuous basis. So far this has been a department staffed by nurses who have no proficiency in any clinical specialty. Hence, they gain experience in several and expertise in none. (p. 325). The affirmation above was very true for staff nurses working at ambulatory care setting in my organization. Role of Registered Nurses (RNs) at ambulatory clinics had been a real discussion at my organization due to a general perception that there is no active clinical role of registered nurses in clinics thus they are underutilized. In addition due to cost containment projects, highly paid employees efficiency was also closely monitored therefore registered nurses being highly paid among other staff categories were objected for being underutilized at outpatient clinics. Out of 215 staff in ambulatory care setting, 75 (34.8%) are RNs who cover all the specialties. These registered nurses have gone through general nursing training in their graduating school of nursing. They develop clinic based competencies during their competency based orientation conducted in the unit within first three months of their job. This on-job training is supervised by Clinical Nurse Instructor (CNI) and Cli nical Nurse Specialist (CNS) of ambulatory care services. Haas (1998) said: Ambulatory care nursing is a unique realm of nursing practice. It is characterized by rapid, focused assessments of patients, long-term nurse/patient/family relationships, and teaching and translating prescriptions for care into doable activities for patients and their caregivers. (p. 16). However, at my institution this role was limited to initial assessment and giving some very basic education to patient like on diet and medication. While reflecting the factual nursing roles and practices at ambulatory care services of our setting in the light of definition by AAACN/ANA, a big room for improvement and innovation was seen to re-conceptualize RNs roles and practices. The existing roles and responsibilities carried out by clinic RNs were much more general than the efficient clinical roles which they should have been playing. It was now the responsibility of nursing management of ambulatory care services to relook at the roles and re-assign tasks so that the true need of registered nurses and their proper utilization could be justified. Literature search on RNs roles in outpatient clinics revealed that internationally there are RN-managed clinics, telephone medicated care by RNs, specialty based nurse educators, practitioner, consultants, and clinical nurse experts such as pre-operative nurse, oncology nurse, wound specialist nurse etc (Hamner, 2005). American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing (AAACN, 1995) categorized roles of ambulatory care nurses as clinical, management, educational, and researcher roles. DISCUSSION: The goal of the management plan was to address the issue of strengthening the role of registered nurses at ambulatory care services, to justify their need in outpatient services; Lewins three stage model was chosen to introduce the change in RNs role. Lewins model has intuitive appeal and became an enduring influence because it was taken up as one of the foundation stones of the organizational development (OD) movement during the 1960s-1980s (Burnes 2000, Cummings Worley 2001).The reason behind choosing Lewins change theory was its easy and simple implementation and efficacy in bringing modification in existing practices by analyzing driving forces, restraining forces, and by targeting new innovations and implementation. The literature supports the effective use of said theory in various organizational change management projects (Mrayyan et al, 2007; Huber, 2006; Marquisand Huston, 2005). Fetherston et.al (2009) emphasized the importance of major change and endorsed that: Where a major change is implemented, models such as Lewins (1951) model of unfreezing, changing and refreezing can be a useful guide (p. 2586). As the alteration of RNs role at ambulatory clinic was a significant major change Lewins model proved to be a useful and effective guide for system modification. The system perspective of the Kurt Lewins theory suggests that the process of change occurs in three stages: unfreezing, moving and refreezing. For change to occur, a motivational factor should arise in order to break the ice. Baulcomb (2003) states that This theory places emphasis on the driving and resisting forces associated with any change, and to achieve success the importance lies with ensuring that driving forces outweigh resisting forcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The intention is to reach a state of equilibrium. (p. 277). Green (1983) stated within every change situation forces exist either to push the system toward changing (pro-change forces), or push it away from changing (anti-change forces). (p.1623). Pro-change forces act to alter the status quo and are considered important aspects of change motivation. Anti-change forces, on the other hand, work toward maintaining equilibrium and are usually manifested as habits, rituals or policies. Unfreezing occurs when the driving forces (pro-change) become stronger than the restraining forces (anti-change). Stage 1: The unfreezing phase-becoming motivated to change: Schifalacqua and Costello (2009) said: Communication is vital to any change process. If the change is on the unit level, a question-and-answer format on the impact on patient care and/or the caregivers is very effective. (p.29). The key to this phase was to answer following questions: What is the problem which needs to be addresses by the change management project? Who needs to be involved in the change process? What will be the post change benefits to the organization? What would be the likely cost of the change? Huber (2006) asserted that the first stage is cognitive exposure to the change idea, diagnosis of the problem, and work to generate alternative solutions. (p.811). Discussion with the in charge nurse and staff nurses of ambulatory care services was held in which desired change and of role modification was highlighted. Majority was in consensus of the need of this change as they were also dissatisfied due to peoples perception of their role and lack of clinical utilization of them in their workplace. It was also shared that changing the nurses role would be potentially stressful for those taking the new role as well as for those with whom they work. Fetherston et.al (2009) stated that: When change is managed in systematic steps with adequate evaluation and communication throughout the process, it is more likely to result in successful outcomes. (p. 2582) From a broader perspective there was an impulsion for developing RNs to meet the need of multispecialty tasks at outpatient setting, with a need to demonstrate the effectiveness of any new roles created. This multispecialty tasking required RNs to gain competency in multispecialty. Miller, Flynn, Umadac (1998) said: Competency is the assessment of the employees ability to perform the skills and tasks of his or her position as defined in his or her job description. A competent staff member has the knowledge, skills, ability, and behaviors to perform required tasks correctly. (p. 10). Hence, in order to evaluate the competence of ambulatory care RNs baseline knowledge and practice assessment was done for 40 RNs to assess their insight related to clinical, professional and system roles in ambulatory work setting (please refer appendix A). Audit results showed only 41% involvement of nurses in clinical related knowledge and patient care tasks. Cork, A (2005) said: When examining the introduction of competencies in relation to force-field analysis it can be seen that one of the main drivers would be an improvement in nurses practice and a defined level of achieved competence for individual nurses. In addition, the projected benefit to patient care, through the acquisition and application of knowledge, would be a major driver. (p.40) The audit proved to be very useful in identifying gaps in the required standards of nursing knowledge and practice of RNs working in the clinic setting. Hence, it ultimately helped in planning and implementing educational strategies to overcome the identified gaps. Stage 2: The moving phase-change- what needs to be changed? Once mutual agreement for a desire for role modification was obtained, ambulatory care nursing conceptual framework by Haas, S.A. (2006) was searched from literature (please refer appendix B). The framework was liked by higher authorities and approved to be incorporated and introduced in the ambulatory care nursing model. Flannigan (1995) states, If you can define an ideal culture in terms of your strategy and leadership, particularly how the culture would be different from the way it is currently, then you have the basis for changing the culture. (p. 60). In order to gain shared vision for proposed changed culture the model was introduced to all ambulatory services RNs to obtain their feedback and open discussions were held through meetings with nursing management, ambulatory care nurses and medical colleagues. On this occasion, information concerning the change was provided through a discussion and presentation of research findings regarding development of outpatient nurses specialty based practices. Indeed, this increased knowledge about specialty based roles created dissatisfaction with the current system. Tross and Cavanagh (1996) claim that dissatisfaction with the status quo is the most influential factor in the initiation of change. However, rather than being an education issue, four nurses argued that it was an experiential issue and subsequently suggested that it may cause the difficulties in implementing specialty based roles. Being mindful of the normative re-educative strategy that was employed in the change process, provi sion was made to appreciate the resistors feelings. Nevertheless, it was asserted that if nurses did not have the theoretical knowledge, which underpins the specialty skills, they would be unlikely to be competent practically in this area (Reece and Walker, 1997). Accordingly, the resistors argument was diluted by providing them with abundant amounts of evidence to support the introduction of the project. A consensus was then reached and actions were prioritized for the change initiative in specialty based training. Smale (1998) highlights the benefits of actively involving staff that are closest to the problems, by explaining that they are closest to the solution. Consequently, Rigorous training sessions were arranged for nurses for clinical concepts such as triage, health assessments, specialty based diseases and case presentations, specialty based skills assistance, patient and family education and counseling techniques etc. Applicability of RN roles taken from the framework: Within pre-admission assessment, the aim was to develop the RN role so that s/he could get the patients medical history, and perform pre-consultation assessment accordingly. Nurse-led pre-admission assessment has shown to be effective and safe (Whiteley et al. 1997). The issue of developing advanced assessment skills was resolved through special courses by clinical nurse specialist. There is an evidence to suggest that developing the role of the nurse specialist or practitioner can increase the continuity of care whilst still maintaining clinical standards; examples include nurse-led rheumatology follow-up (Hill 1997) and breast care follow-up (Earnshaw 1997). Such a development not only enhanced stability but also free up consultants time within their clinic to see patients with more complex needs and to potentially increase the number of new patients that could be seen. A group of seven senior RNs was formed from different sections of ambulatory care, to be included in a review of ambulatory care related policies, protocols and work instructions. This group was also trained for supervisory skills to cater evening shifts and weekends in absence of head nurses of respective units. This role proved to be productive and satisfactory for nurses as well. Stage3: The refreezing phase-making the change permanent: The introduction of role changes were well appreciated by the consultants, management and RNs. Enhanced patient safety, patients and nurses satisfaction and most of all effective time utilization was evident. To fix these changes, slight modification in RNs job descriptions (JDs) was done to introduce these role aspects in their JDs. Furthermore, their schedules and assignments were fixed for three months period and then rotations were pre-planned. In this instance, Lewins (1951) force-field analysis also served as an assessment of the driving and restraining forces that impacted on the implementation of this change process. Driving forces facilitate change because they push employees in the desired direction (Kritsonis, 2004). These were RNs motivation and enthusiasm, pressure from higher management and doctors acceptance, patients safety and satisfaction. There was little resistance to change in first three months of the project. Those whoclosely working with RNs in out-patient setting were supportive of the project and worked with the team for achievement of goals. In fact, the slower than anticipated development meant that key stakeholders such as consultants did not feel threatened by the pace of the change. Evaluation: The outcome of the strategies through implementation of conceptual framework as a change agent was assessed through measurement audits. Audit of the nurses practices was carried out concurrently, while the patients experiences were being surveyed. The literature contends that change is not consolidated without continuous monitoring and observation (Smale, 1998). Furthermore, Dale (1994) asserts that internal auditing, scrutiny of records and objective observation help discover what is currently taking place. An audit tool was developed with 19 criteria, 80% nurses were evaluated on conceptual framework through this audit tool, 74.2% compliance was observed for knowledge and new role implementation. 50% of ambulatory nurses were trained for health assessment, performing health assessment of patients with clinical emergencies as a daily clinical task. 100% patients with clinical emergencies were identified by RNs of assigned clinics and received timely interventions and transfer to appropriate care facilities. 80% patients received education on disease, treatment plan and lifestyle modification from nurse educators in specialty based clinics. Other gains were safe and complex patient care delivery, evident by no clinical errors and incidences in that period. Increased patient satisfaction indicated by no clinical complaints reported by patients. Consequently nurses satisfaction was largely enhanced, assessed by subjective verbalization of nurses in open forums and meetings. Formal surveys for nurses and patient satisfaction need to be conducted to evaluate objectivity of these outcomes. CONCLUSION: The change process was greatly enhanced by the application of a logical process through the identification of a problem, development of an implementation plan and clear monitoring and evaluation at all stages. Furthermore, the selection of an appropriate change model aided this process, something clearly demonstrated in this project with use of Lewins (1951) theory of transitional change. It also discovered some very hopeful aspects with regard to professional development and team working. However, it was also experienced that change is not easy, sometimes filled with unwary troubles and sometimes intimidating. 3,304

A study on narrative therapy being emotionally focused

A study on narrative therapy being emotionally focused When one imagines a spouse coming home from work there is usually a question asked in the scenario, how was your day? Now in the household I grew up that question was usually responded to with a story or anecdote as oppose to a simple fine or bad. My family has always been emotionally open, but generally withdrawn from using the emotion words like happy or sad instead explaining their days through the events. I think that narrative therapy has much potential to be emotionally focused, and still accept the social constructs we all are inundated with from birth. In many ways narrative therapy celebrates life as two stories intertwine with one another and the therapist is not the expert, but an interested collaborator. Rather than look for pathology or flawed functioning couples the therapist works to develop awareness of problematic discourse and offer couple the opportunity to describe and evaluate the effects of those discourses on their relationship. (Freedman Combs, 2008) I full-heartedly agree with narrative therapies take on goal setting. By being too specific in any goals life possibilities are eliminated and single-mindedness tends to reign supreme in ones mind. Life has a fluidity that presents and eliminates obstacles. Goals do not always account for these variations. The goal setting of narrative therapy is to help the narrative remain fluid from moment to moment and what positive emotions can be reached. (Freedman Combs, 2008) I think that objectivity is a key component to solving dysfunction and once two people become too enmeshed in a conflict, objectivity disappears. Working with narratives is an excellent way to separate oneself from a conflict and see a perspective without as much irrationality. The couple in the provided scenario is losing objectivity in their current worldview of soon to be married professionals. Narrative therapy is not a concrete process with a list of events that have to occur before the next step can occur. It is a more cyclical process that allows the therapist and couple the ability to move back and forth between the processed goals. That does not mean a regression in thinking will not happen, but narrative therapy is based on building forward a story that has its own ebbs and flows. It is the role of the therapist to guide and advise the client in ways to construct the narrative. (Brimhall, Gardner, Heline, 2003) I thought of narrative therapy when I started thinking about the couple in the scenario, because with only three months before the wedding I feel that constructing a narrative would work with the time period available. Narrative therapy has a free structure that has a distinct jumping off point, but overall a structure that has chapters that include emotions one can return to. I would personally be weary of how many sessions I would be able to have with this couple with their wedding being so close. The first thing to do in the initial session and assessment with the couple in the scenario is have them identify their problem. Ask them to give a name to the problem, associate the emotions with the problem, and identify the alteration in each member of the couples lives and relationships due to the problem. The couple stated that the problem is constantly getting into fights and cannot discuss anything without being angry and defensive. For the sake of brevity the problem will be shortened to fighting. The next thing is to construct the narrative that leads up to the anger, fights, and defensiveness. While the narrative approach is based on the clients being the experts on their own lives, a therapist must still assess disorders, dysfunctions, and negative thoughts. The therapist is also responsible for making the dialogue progress so that all the necessary emotions and cognitions about the relationship emerge. It is easy to see one side of the couple dominate the narrative. Each member of the couple should have equal time to present their own narrative and the therapist should make sure of this. One member of the couple tells his or her narrative of the relationship to the therapist while the other partner listens. The therapist reiterates it back to make sure everything is clear. This gives the therapist the chance to reframe the narrative structure and encourages the listening partner to understand the narrative from an objective viewpoint. Then the same process happens with the other partner. Each partner must feel that their own story has been heard. One partner should not dominate the session. After each partner has shared his narrative then the therapist has a clear vision of all the problems which in this couples case are anger and defensiveness. Ultimately, I think there should be a completely shared narrative also, but that is idealistic. The couple spins the narrative in the sessions a greater understanding of the relationship between couple and problem presented in the narrative. By mapping the influence understanding of the problem a therapist can begin to trace back where and when the fighting started. (Corey, 2009) This couple does not have an enormous history of fighting, so the historical precedent can be traced to an origin point. I would also work on preferred points in the relationship. Both members of the couple could benefit from positivity with questions such as what initially attracted you two to one another? What kinds of things do you like to do together? What do you most appreciate about your partner? Exploring the narratives of the successful times of the couples relationship can be just as much a positive benefit as looking at their problems. The therapist can begin to see the patterns that emerge in each narrative where the named problem is present. From this point, hopefully with rapport built, it will be time to start externalizing the narrative the couple has presented. Externalization means a new and more objective perspective and the ability to re-author the narrative into alternative meanings. The externalization of conversations is the key to an objective attitude when in an emotionally charged situation. Part of externalization is the need to know their relationship with the problem. How does the fighting start? What makes the fighting worse? What makes the fighting stop? These are all questions each partner should address when looking at the relationship with the problem. There is a very good chance that the couple will each have their own answers to these fighting relationship questions, but it is of the utmost importance to note both partners have a relationship with the problem. (Freedman Combs, 2008) The co uple should then start seeing each others narratives and the attached emotions. It is really important to monitor each clients emotions and follow them up with additional emotionally focused questions. Just because the couple has a better emotional understanding does not mean hurt feelings and negativity cannot appear, especially in early stages. If needed returning to positive questioning and the preferred time could be part of the strategy. The next step is the search for unique outcomes. This is to search for moments during the problem that point to success regarding the problem. (Corey, 2009) What are the exceptions to the problem? I like to think of the lessons learned of unique outcomes is like capturing lightning in a bottle. Is there anything that this couple can do to recreate the incident that stopped the fighting? These unique outcomes often are accompanied by events that cannot be recreated. When that unique outcome is found a new story can be formed. With this unique outcome solutions are starting to materialize amongst the couple. More history should be evaluated amongst the clients. After restructuring clients start determining the pattern of negativity and they have the ability to team-up against the problem that is sabotaging their relationship. (Johnson, 2004) It is important to see all members of the counseling party united against a common goal now. After progress with the couple and successful externalization of narratives the couple will talk directly to each other instead of dialogue being filtered through the therapist. The therapist still acts as the guide and monitors the dialogue to avoid or counter-act the relational problems and the regressions from the prefered story. Hopefully, the couple has moved past the strict turn based structure initially presented amongst the first sessions, but still respects each others dialogue. (Brimhall, Gardner, Heline, 2003) With the scenarios couple the therapist has to monitor awareness of anger and defensiveness and point out the problem when it arises. When a couple is aware of the path their narrative is takin g they actively try to avoid the problem and restructure the dialogue of the narrative. The therapist is trying to pursue unconditional positive regard between the partners without having them discount their emotions. After they have finished the therapist guided sessions the clients should have created a mutual preferred narrative and start complete non-turn based dialogue based on a solution focused result. The positive regard is more apparent in the couple and they are able to focus on unique outcomes.The couple now has new interactions and alternative stories. The couple is in the last stages of their therapy and have an awareness of their problems and strategies for coping with regression back into the problem. The narrative is now ready to be solidified. This stage is close to termination with the couple. The couple now has a unique preferred narrative that both partners have contributed to. This story contains positive outlooks and more objective views. This concrete preferred narrative is also fused with positive emotions and noticeable cooperation attacking the problem from both partners. Bringing in an outside party to share the completion of the new narrative is an improtant activity for the client to participate in. This shows the client has completed a goal. I believe external validation away from therapy couch is necessary to promote growth in any problems, whether individual, conjoint, or group. This demonstrates self-confidence in the client as well and shows they are self-reliant when facing their problems. (Brimhall, Gardner, Heline, 2003) The only step left for the couple now is to prepare for the future. The couple can now circumvent their problems of anger, defensiveness, and can use externalizing questions to explore emotions and attain an objective perspective on their problems. There are steps that this couple learned that they can use for the rest of their relationship. The theory of narrative couples therapy has many diverse skills a couple can learn to help them through relationship problems and prepare them for the future. The therapist can combine many aspects of different theories in narrative, including emotionally focused therapy so they can attack client problem from many different angles.

The Painter :: essays research papers

Suddenly, he woke up. He sensed that the train had stopped. â€Å"Am I in Beijing?† John Gwen thought. He looked around and saw Tianjing signs on the pillars in the train station. â€Å"Looks like this is it. Well I better hop off and glance around. After he hopped off, he saw two security guards hurrying toward him. Uh-oh. Two strong security guards rushed to him and grabbed him. The other one took his painting. They sent him to the office to confront their chief. The chief was sitting down behind a large desk and looked like a kind looking man that was toughened by the world. He had eyes that can look right through you. â€Å"Chief, we caught this thief trying to sneak off the cargo train that just arrived. This is what he stole.† Said one of the guards as he handed the painting over to the chief. â€Å"I suggest putting him in jail for fifteen days and see if he tries to steal again.† Said the other guard. â€Å"Oh no,† John thought, â€Å"if they put me in jail for fifteen days. I’ll miss the art convention. I must prove my innocence.† â€Å"No, no, I swear, I didn’t steal it! That’s my—â€Å" â€Å"Shut up!† the first guard ordered. The chief had been silent since the suspect had been brought in. The man looks like a high school student. He is shivering and looks very nervous. â€Å"Is he shivering because he is afraid of getting caught? Or is he freezing?† he thought. â€Å"Okay, what’s your name? â€Å"J†¦J†¦John Gwen.† He muttered, â€Å"c†¦can I have hot water?† â€Å"Sure.† And he poured some hot water for him pretending not to hear the grunt from one of the guards. Then he waited as John slowly drank the water. â€Å"Well,† John thought, â€Å"if I can’t prove that the painting is mine, I could get to the convention on time but I will also have to pay for sneaking on the train. However, I could pretend to go to the bathroom and escape but I won’t be able to take my painting with me. Also, how will I get to Beijing then?† â€Å"Okay, what are you doing here?† the chief asked. â€Å"I was going to go to Beijing but at Shenyang, I fell asleep when I was waiting for the train and somebody stole my tickets and all my money so I snuck on a cargo train and I thought it was going to Beijing but when I woke up I was in Tianjing and then two guards rushed over and—â€Å"

The British Expeditionary Forceâ??s intervention in World War I :: essays research papers

When France, Britain and Russia entered the Triple Entente, Germany was faced with a problem. It wanted to capture France but knew that if it attacked then Russia would invade and it would face a war on two fronts. The Schlieffen plan was a solution to this threat. The plan was to invade France through Belgium and then to quickly to encircle Paris by flanking around it from the north. Once Paris was in German hands France would be relatively secure, leaving Germany to deal with Russia to the East. There were a number of reasons for the failure of the Schlieffen plan; it relied on a series of assumptions in order to succeed. The Germans assumed that Russia would take a long time to mobilise its forces from all over a large country. The Germans also forgot about the treaty signed by both Prussia and Britain in 1839, stating that they would defend the neutrality of newly formed Belgium, the Kaiser called it a ‘scrap of paper’ but it may well have lost Germany the war. During the course of the war the British Expeditionary Force which arrived very soon after the invasion of Belgium had a very important role in slowing down German forces. Despite its comparatively small size of 70,000 men the BEF was very effective in fighting alongside French units in order to inflict many casualties upon their attackers. Sir John French ordered the force to defend the town of Mons and they did so very effectively, holding the town against huge opposition before eventually falling back. I think that the BEF was one of a number of issues that Von Schlieffen did not account for in his plan and that altogether these meant that the plan failed. Although the British Expeditionary Force played a very important role it was certainly not the only cause of the problems encountered by Germany in executing the Schlieffen plan. Other factor which played a major role were the defence put up by Belgian forces and the speed of Russia’s mobilisation, neither of which Germany was expecting. The Schlieffen plan was to capture France within six weeks; Germany assumed that during much of this time Russia would still me amassing its forces, in fact within 10 days Russia was mobilised to attack Germany from the eastern front with more forces than could be contained by Austria-Hungary and so some German units were forced to return in order to defend their homeland from attack, this weakened their advance through France.

Ethics and Compliance Essay

As per 2007 Annual Report, Walt Disney had the following initiatives in the following areas: under Studio Entertainment, franchises and original pioneering digital productions such as Pirates of the Caribbean, Cars and High School Musical including the Blu-ray ® technology, the new high definition home entertainment viewing. Animated movies pervaded the period with box office hits like Ratatouille and Wall-E. Under Parks and Resorts, the year 2007 was a dream year at Disney Parks and Resorts with The Year of a Million Dreams opening the park to overnight stay. Other initiatives include the Walt Disney Imagineering technology used for Finding Nemo, with interactive attraction on a high-energy 4-D in Toy Story and the Tower of Terror, the small world dolls which were a source of high-quality entertainment. In Disneyland Resort Paris, guests experience exhilarating rides through dazzling coral reefs, dark deep-sea waters and sunken submarines aboard Crush’s Coaster. Along Consumer Products initiatives include a High School Musical flat-panel television, a popular Nintendo DSâ„ ¢ video game with new Disney characters, wedding dresses inspired by Disney Princesses and a best-selling Disney Fairies sequel novel were just a few of many new products that took the Disney brand to new heights in 2007. In 2007, DCP’s collaborated with bridal designer Kirstie Kelly for the Disney Princess line. Disney Fairies has mushroomed into a powerful global franchise with DisneyFairies. com having more than a million hits. Also, DCP’s infant and preschool sector flourished, toys designed to be interactive with parents and child. The New Baby Einstein feeding products were a hit with parents who welcomed the shape-and color-coded line into meal time. The Walt Disney Internet Group initiated the online and mobile interactive entertainment content in international markets and across platforms by connecting to mobile devices via a new wireless Web site. Under Corporate Social Responsibility, support was provided to Children’s Hospital in California and Florida with a total $15 million for a 200-bed facility and new wing. Also, a pioneering campaign for a balanced nutrition on foods and healthier meals in the park and resorts enhanced with no-smoking issues. Other initiatives were the VoluntEARS program for global outreach for local communities which provided $177 million assistance and another assistance for the victims of Hurricane Katrina; the Make-AWishTM Foundation granting thousands of wishes over the year; also donations to the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the Boys & Girls Club of America, the Starlight Starbright Children’s Foundation and UNICEF, for the thousands of kids around the world; the Environmentalityâ„ ¢ program, which handles company efforts in energy conservation, waste management, alternative power and fuels and wildlife protection. Other initiatives were the zero-emission, cleaner-burning biodiesel fuel for the steam engine trains at Disneyland and certain vehicles used by Disney Cruise Line. Further, conservation programs at various Disney facilities continued to cut energy usage and waste; the Woodland Trust and the Hundred Acre and the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund encourages children and families to plant trees, protecting wildlife and ecosystems; promoting responsible labor standards, outlines minimum working conditions and standards in Disney-oriented factories; also remediation plans in educational and monitoring programs. The initiatives taken by the company are parts of the organizational strategy designed by and for Walt Disney Company. This is in response to the tight competitive entertainment world in which Walt Disney is a major player. Reference list Walt Disney Company, Annual Report, 2007. Retrieved May 19, 2009; website: http://corporate. disney. go. com/investors/annual_reports/2007/index. html

Frankenstein and Paradise Lost Essay

S hell on eartheys bill of a creature created by lord Frankenstein has striking similarities to Miltons Paradise broken from the come onset, as the second letter in the novel that documents Frankensteins misfortune, is sent from garden angelica. heller was an archangel before he was banished from promised land for ch whollyenging divinity, and we k instantly that he was supposedly perfect. Frankenstein sought to make a hu valet de chambre being in beau ideal, although both the creature and hellion reduce from grace at the hand of their creators.The rise line of Paradise alienated underpins the coefficient of correlation between the tales Paradise Lost opens with the lines, Of homosexuals first disobedience, and the harvest-tide, Of that forbidden tree, this is referring to turn who took forbidden fruit from the tree of cognition and was therefore exi guide by God. This story of promised land and mans d ownfall has obviously god Shelley as Frankensteins spargon-tim e activity of nature to her hiding places is what led to the demise of himself and his family.Miltons friction match challenges God Adam and Eve are tempted by demon to eat the forbidden fruit and this echoes in Shelleys novel and Miltons poem, as he tells us that heaven hides nothing from thy view. Yet both Satan and Frankenstein want more than nature has to offer, and the chaff in the events leading up to the addicts domain are highlighted, by Shelleys workout of bootleg and gothic descriptions of foraging in vaults and charnel-houses, and how the worm inherited the wonders of the eye and brain.. This dark depiction echoes the fate of Frankenstein, the junkie and Miltons Satan, as they all endure an make out of Hell Frankensteins personal hell was of of intense tortures such as no language can describe, and his endurance of a deep, dark, death like solitude, ironically echoes his cosmeas feelings of loneliness and despair. The lusus naturae how of all time, considered Satan as the fitter emblem of his mark off and continued sufferings, entirely his hell was too a personal one, to be lived out on earth, and unfortunately alone.Satan, at least, had his boniface of rebel angels and had experience of a puzzle and being loved, his demise was by means of choice, as was Frankensteins. It is Satan and the deuce who initially boot the readers compassion, as the monster seems of a beneficent nature as he watched the devout De Lacy family and took pleasure in aiding their labours. He also shows altruistic behaviour in saving a drowning girl, and lighting a onset to warm his creator, making him perhaps more sympathetic than Frankenstein, who forgot his family in his aspirations to rick greater than his nature will allow. The monster states, after reading Paradise Lost and other literature he has strand after eating the metaphorical apple, that rue only increased with knowledge, as he became aware from the De Laceys, of such things as love and acceptance that he came to longsighted for. His good intent could also be interpreted on his hearing Saphie pass music that he found so entrancingly beautiful that they at once displace tears of sorrow and of delight from my eyes. Satans ruin also came from his pursuit of knowledge, leading both men to their expatriation from the people they sought acceptance from. match to Stephen Boyd*, Shelleys husband believed that men are not inherently corrupt, and that they are perfectible, adding to the influence of Frankenstein being to blame for the monsters feelings of vengeance to all mankind, and Frankensteins own corruption when trying to discover the elixir of carriage. Shelley portrays the monster in child-like ways throughout the novel, as he learns empirically it was a long time before I was able to distinguish between the trading operations of my various senses, and he burns himself with fire as a child with no awareness would.This allows the reader to feel round empathy towards this wretched creature, as we sound off an abandoned child, but also reinforces her geographic expedition of human nature as potentially good. Frankenstein and the creature both state they were organize for peaceful happiness, like Miltons Adam, making them perfect antiheroes. It could be argued that the monsters rejection is what do him commit such heinous crimes against Frankensteins loved ones, as the rejection he continually faced made him wretched. We could see Shelley taking the strength that man made a monster, and man also made him monstrous.As the monster lives in a hut, we are reminded that he doesnt only live outside physically, but emotionally as he is a mere voyeur of family life while watching the De Lacys, and this social projection is to blame for his murderous behaviour, again relating to Satan who was excluded my his creator. We could again relate this to Satan who is facial expression for earth and is also racked with deep despair, as are Shelleys c haracters.Frankenstein also resembles God, as he created his own version of Adam, and the monster that he constantly refers to as fiend and devil reminds him You, my creator, abhor me.. his plea resounds through the humanity of every reader who has ever felt alone or incomplete, but these feelings however are to be changed as the monster commits heinous crimes against the humanity he once longed for, and on his final rejection he cries oh, earth the mildness of my nature had fled, and all within me was turned to bitterness and gall. This is when the persona of God is transferred from Frankenstein and to the monster who will now decide his fate.

Profile Essay

Mike volume L. Lykken 1021 organization 03/09/13 Mike al-Quran (left) and Doug power (right) Im Doug. And Im a survivor. I bang to piss hu hu gentlemankind beingsoeuvre It is in my blood. Doug speaks this elbow room as if to yield signs of behavior pleasure can buoy scarred mental anguish. This is a man who was diagnosed dead in the adventure of an ambulance and unload into a fainting. Doug is non untruth when he produces he similars to give birth fun because he is a man paroxysm from a s ever soe brilliance speck collect to his passion for fun and the rosiness of excitement. He was unripe and doing adopt some(prenominal) young boy kindreds to do with a quartette- strayer and that his go fast.Laura St sensation, writer for beginnertjudgeme. com, writes verbalize of those toys term speeding on his outer space (ATV) sans helmet, he smacked into a demotei ally orphic shoetree stump and flew up in the institutionalise an estimated 80 to 120 feet , orgasm on-key down on his head. As he lay at that place convulsing, the ambulance make its demeanor through the bracken to him. He died in the bet on of it as they raced plump for to the hospital, nevertheless was able to be brought covering fire to look. He fell into a coma and stayed there for twelve old age. Doug is still flavor ahead these days and has a raw(a)-made permute in his life.Doug mightiness is a part of Brevard County down here in FL. He lives in Melbourne which is the city adjacent to do by Bay and his atomic number 18a holds to the highest degree of the shop. It is connatural to popular Minnesota likeness cities shopping spots Maplewood sum/ Rosedale m alto reduceher combine with a Robert or lake street. Doug believes in h wholenesssty, straining work, and perseverance because he is much(prenominal) an fire character that when you for the first clipping agree him, you count that he is so out leaving, that it doesnt however make sen se to fill any questions. He has a atrocious emphasize bountiful of life b arly he also suffered a disperse of tragedy.He at once is a hoarder, for numerous reasons, and one in particular is out-of-pocket to a wag damage he suffered which resulted in permanent disability. We conk out out go further into this tragedy and its detail because this man had died, for 12 days to be exact, and that confidential information him to billboard. He does this as an action of stash to demonstrate a memory edge full of material or dispose that symbolizes a original memory. This has worked as a whoreson for Doug and he tends to need the items to tickle pink him of certain things in the past.Doug reminded me of Forrest Gump by the demeanor he was continuously bringing up life stories and they were similar to the agency of life the picture had such a personal and spectacular bosh line nearly one mans life. Doug is outdoors to the highest degree his bugger come to co mmitting suicide, about his death experience, his seaman in his neck from ripping a provide tube out subsequently he awoke from his coma. When you first purpose to be intimate Doug this could all be said with in the first 10 minutes of skirmish him because of his flush of outgoing personality.He explains his tragic four wheel incident by precept I squirtt intend anything from forward my coma provided I analyze stories and I was cross-filen pictures. I was in a coma for 12 days subsequently(prenominal) dying in the back of an ambulance. I was brought back to life, stayed in the coma, woke up and freaked out. He told the falsehood with such aplomb that you k refreshful he had told this story plenty of times. He explained how his brain damage crippled everything in his life. I started to get the feeling that Doug enjoyed overlap his story so much that he mustiness hold back had accolades that he talks about. I was just on hoarders the T. V. expose he answers to me. I am in doubt I ignorantly ( but necessarily) calculate Google for him as we ar talking. It turns out that Doug King was on an episode of Hoarders. Doug is one of those disused population whom soap operas love to compose in their stories his traumatic brain injury was so great all memories out front that tragic day were wiped clean. This was when his hoarding began. Laura gemstone wrote in this article on a go over magazine company tally under the domain of heydontjudgeme. com. There you are thought service to yourself why doesnt this count left over(p)? Its my life and I am comfortable with it but all the same the try out had me staying in a gracious hotel for the time they were shooting the episode because they didnt want me to feel any urges to sieve and get more stuff epoch they were gone. I need things to nonice my brain on the job(p) right and when I dont fox them I go and get them wherever I can. Doug says. I like to make commonwealth joke when I do something I telephone call earthy comedy which I dress as the old fashioned jokes that we all comprehend as a kid.Ill contain a question like (Have you ever got caught jacking off in the closet? ) and the person or people volition say no and thats when I dissever them (Good hiding spot aint it? )Doug laughs and says that this is what he calls roughhewn comedy. Doug is as innocent they come because he is like a child in an handsome body and he tries his take up every day to note positive. Doug does not set out many accomplishments in life but he proceeds to drive his sort out and its a gracility that the show easeed him out.Doug feels the need to guard this mind-set going in his life but friends and family are scared that he will not be able to keep it up over time without the strait-laced help. They are concerned for him and they cheat he is a special person with pitiable until nowts. Doug is fetching it one day at a time. I am difficult to get into fi re fighter strain since I did the show. They firefighters of Brevard County inspired me during filming because they showed up and showed they cared. They were fire in seeing the show and its process and they k natural I had lived here a languish time.They were concerned on how I was hold because I didnt charter electricity or water and I was open to many dangers among me. I pitch slipway to live like this and they were shock because I have the disability. I told them I am a HHH hoarder. I am an dependable rewardable hoarder. I honor the smallest set of item I have even if it is trash. I dont have much and what I do have I keep. Doug may not be the best citizen that this country offers but he is just as important as anyone else. His profile can inspire people to either help someone they know or just others in need of this condition that haunts so many people.The creation and the people in it can help individuals like this simply by feel for enough to help. Doug was fo rtunate to attain a solution to his problems and not everyone will be able to be on hoarders. afterward the show Doug found that he had new opportunities. His house looks great compared to the way he had it and it is something he enjoys now. He has found new ways to turn his hoarding habits into rosy environment tasks such as cleaning. He has been working on decision new tools to fight against helps him feel affiliated to memory.These are as simple as organizing, collecting, and formatting his personal belongings in piece for his OCD over memory retention. I met Doug after the show and he is a mend around the area. With the power fully restored, hes now living(a) in his house and working with an personal organiser to keep his house clean. His sister Amy takes him to his official therapy sessions, and theyre growing closer again. Doug is the chassis of bozo who just deserves a break, and I try for these good things coming his way keep on coming. What a dish of a guy.T o learn more about traumatic brain injury and the resources operational (medical and legal), go to www. braininjury. com Laura also wraps up her moment with this statement. Dougs contribution http//www. aetv. com/hoarders/pictures/season-6-17213370/Doug-office-before http//www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/doug-living-room-before. JPG http//www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/Doug-living-room-after. JPG CITING www. AETV. com/hoarders LAURA STONE http//heydontjudgeme. com/2012/09/18/hoarders-6-2-doug-ruth/ pen EssayMike Koran L. Lykken 1021 Composition 03/09/13 Mike Koran (left) and Doug King (right) Im Doug. And Im a survivor. I love to have fun It is in my blood. Doug speaks this way as if to show signs of life enjoyment behind scarred mental anguish. This is a man who was diagnosed dead in the back of an ambulance and fell into a coma. Doug is not lying when he says he likes to have fun because he is a man suffering from a severe brain injury due to his passion for fun and the thrill of excitement. He was young and doing want any young boy likes to do with a four-wheeled and that his go fast.Laura Stone, writer for dontjudgeme. com, writes Speaking of those toys While speeding on his quad (ATV) sans helmet, he smacked into a partially hidden tree stump and flew up in the air an estimated 80 to 120 feet, coming straight down on his head. As he lay there convulsing, the ambulance made its way through the bracken to him. He died in the back of it as they raced back to the hospital, but was able to be brought back to life. He fell into a coma and stayed there for twelve days. Doug is still looking forward these days and has a recent change in his life.Doug King is a part of Brevard County down here in FL. He lives in Melbourne which is the city next to Palm Bay and his area holds most of the shopping. It is similar to popular Minnesota twin cities shopping spots Maplewood mall/ Rosedale mall combined with a Robert or lake street. Doug believes in honesty, hard work, and perseverance because he is such an interesting character that when you first meet him, you see that he is so outgoing, that it doesnt even make sense to ask any questions. He has a tremendous background full of life but he also suffered a lot of tragedy.He now is a hoarder, for many reasons, but one in particular is due to a brain injury he suffered which resulted in permanent disability. We will go further into this tragedy and its detail because this man had died, for 12 days to be exact, and that lead him to hoarding. He does this as an action of hoarding to establish a memory bank full of material or trash that symbolizes a certain memory. This has worked as a tool for Doug and he tends to need the items to remind him of certain things in the past.Doug reminded me of Forrest Gump by the way he was continuously bringing up life stories and they were similar to the way the movie had such a personal and dramatic story line about one mans life. Doug is ope n about his father committing suicide, about his death experience, his hole in his neck from ripping a feeding tube out after he awoke from his coma. When you first get to know Doug this could all be said with in the first 10 minutes of meeting him because of his outburst of outgoing personality.He explains his tragic four wheel incident by saying I cant remember anything from before my coma but I read stories and I was shown pictures. I was in a coma for 12 days after dying in the back of an ambulance. I was brought back to life, stayed in the coma, woke up and freaked out. He told the story with such poise that you knew he had told this story plenty of times. He explained how his brain damage crippled everything in his life. I started to get the feeling that Doug enjoyed sharing his story so much that he must have had accolades that he talks about. I was just on hoarders the T. V. show he answers to me. I am in disbelief I ignorantly (but necessarily) search Google for him as we are talking. It turns out that Doug King was on an episode of Hoarders. Doug is one of those rare people whom soap operas love to put in their stories his traumatic brain injury was so great all memories before that tragic day were wiped clean. This was when his hoarding began. Laura Stone wrote in this article on a critique magazine company running under the domain of heydontjudgeme. com. There you are thinking to yourself why doesnt this seem odd? Its my life and I am comfortable with it but even the show had me staying in a nice hotel for the time they were shooting the episode because they didnt want me to feel any urges to try and get more stuff while they were gone. I need things to keep my brain working right and when I dont have them I go and get them wherever I can. Doug says. I like to make people laugh when I do something I call common comedy which I define as the old fashioned jokes that we all heard as a kid.Ill ask a question like (Have you ever got caught jacking o ff in the closet? ) and the person or people will say no and thats when I tell them (Good hiding spot aint it? )Doug laughs and says that this is what he calls common comedy. Doug is as innocent they come because he is like a child in an adult body and he tries his best every day to keep positive. Doug does not have many accomplishments in life but he proceeds to fight his condition and its a blessing that the show helped him out.Doug feels the need to keep this mindset going in his life but friends and family are scared that he will not be able to keep it up over time without the proper help. They are concerned for him and they know he is a special person with unfortunate events. Doug is taking it one day at a time. I am trying to get into fire fighter class since I did the show. They firefighters of Brevard County inspired me during filming because they showed up and showed they cared. They were interested in seeing the show and its process and they knew I had lived here a long t ime.They were concerned on how I was living because I didnt have electricity or water and I was open to many dangers among me. I found ways to live like this and they were shocked because I have the disability. I told them I am a HHH hoarder. I am an honest honorable hoarder. I honor the smallest piece of item I have even if it is trash. I dont have much and what I do have I keep. Doug may not be the best citizen that this country offers but he is just as important as anyone else. His profile can inspire people to either help someone they know or just others in need of this condition that haunts so many people.The world and the people in it can help individuals like this simply by caring enough to help. Doug was fortunate to find a solution to his problems and not everyone will be able to be on hoarders. After the show Doug found that he had new opportunities. His house looks great compared to the way he had it and it is something he enjoys now. He has found new ways to turn his ho arding habits into healthy environment tasks such as cleaning. He has been working on finding new tools to fight against helps him feel connected to memory.These are as simple as organizing, collecting, and formatting his personal belongings in order for his OCD over memory retention. I met Doug after the show and he is a fixture around the area. With the power fully restored, hes now living in his house and working with an organizer to keep his house clean. His sister Amy takes him to his regular therapy sessions, and theyre growing closer again. Doug is the kind of guy who just deserves a break, and I hope these good things coming his way keep on coming. What a sweetheart of a guy.To learn more about traumatic brain injury and the resources available (medical and legal), go to www. braininjury. com Laura also wraps up her piece with this statement. Dougs Office http//www. aetv. com/hoarders/pictures/season-6-17213370/Doug-office-before http//www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6 /doug-living-room-before. JPG http//www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/Doug-living-room-after. JPG CITING www. AETV. com/hoarders LAURA STONE http//heydontjudgeme. com/2012/09/18/hoarders-6-2-doug-ruth/